中學微型化學教學實驗之設計－過濾、電解、氣體製備與乾餾

Designs of Microscale Laboratory on Filtration, Electrolysis, Gases Generation and Dry Distillation in High School Chemistry

方金祥(Chin-Hsiang Fang)

《化學》 56卷4期 (1998/12) Pp. 257-266

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1998034

摘要

本文僅利用塑膠注射筒、注射針、塑膠三通活栓、塑膠小試管、銅製三通管及塑膠單向閥等分別組合成(1)簡易抽氣減壓過濾裝置、(2)微觀何夫曼(Hofinann)水電解器、(3)微型氣體製造與控集器、以及(4)微型木材乾餾裝置。本文因器材簡單、製作容易，每位學生皆可自製，各擁有一套，增加自己動手做實驗的機會，為一兼具有教學、實用、趣味性以及兼具有『可回收、低污染、省資源』環保理念之微型化學實驗裝置，據用微型化學實驗儀器，可以節約試劑和時間，並得以訓練學生細心操作的實驗技巧與能力，使教師得以在有限的時間與經費之下，來完成實驗教學的要求，可增進理化之教學成效，頗值得在中學理化實驗中加以推廣使用。

關鍵字

微型化學實驗 ； 減壓過濾 ； 何夫曼水電解器 ； 氣體製備 ； 木材乾餾

並列摘要

The advantages of microscale laboratory (M.L.) are well known, especially in chemical education for junior high schools. These include lower costs for experiments, construction and waste disposal, lower pollution, and higher reaction rate. These benefits are even more strongly applicable to the chemistry laboratory in senior high school and universities. In traditional experiments high chemical costs, toxicity issues and long reaction time often combine to hamper interesting experiments. Four new designs of experimental apparatus for (1) reduced-pressure filtration, (2) electrolysis of water, (3) preparation of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide, and (4) dry distillation of wood are described in the microscale laboratory. Plastic syringes, one-way plastic valves, plastic boxes, three-way plastic stopcocks, Y-shape copper stopcocks, plastic tubes, aluminum foil and some small materials are used in the new experiments described. The new design allows the filtration, electrolysis of water, generation of gases and dry distillation of wood to be carried out and tested easily, and accurately. With new simple apparatus, the amount of chemicals consumed and wastes produced in these experiments are greatly reduced, compared to those traditionally.

並列關鍵字

Microscale laboratory ； Reduced-pressure filtration ； Electrolysis ； Gas generation ； Drydistillation