二次鋰離子電池技術、發展趨勢與市場

Technologies, Developments and Market Trends of Lithium Ion Cells

洪為民(Weir-Mirn Hurng)

《化學》 57卷2期 (1999/06) Pp. 181-190

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1999022

摘要

鐘離子電池由於具最高能量密度，因此自上市以來已很快被3C產品業者所接受。為讓大家對鈕離子電池有更進一步了解，本文從基本原理介紹起，正、負極材料分別有多種的選擇﹒但為兼顧性能和安全性下，目前以鋰鈷氧化物和碳材為主。前者在低價和性能提升的要求下，逐漸被鋰錳氧化物和鋰鈷鎳氧化物取代，而碳材部份則往高容量方向發展，但須顧及鈍性膜的影響。電解液的選用除基本導電性要求外，與負極材料的相容性是關鍵。另外若能改善電解液的特性可進一步提升電池的安全性，具體作法是加入在高溫時會自行產生聚合反應的有機分子入內。隨應用產品薄形化時，高分子電解質是必然的趨勢。最後鋰離子電池在電動車應用雖然已有高能量密度優勢，但仍須克服價高、安全顧慮和嚴苛環境要求，才能進一步推廣。

關鍵字

鋰離子電池 ； 崁入反應 ； 鋰鈷氧化物 ； 碳材 ； 有機電解液

並列摘要

Lithium ion cells have been well accepted by 3C user s due to its superior energy density. In this article, their technologies and materials are introduced firs t. There are several candidates for the eletrode materials. Right now, lithium cobalt oxide is used as the cathode while carbon is used for the anode after considering the requirements of performance and safety characterist ics. To lower down the cost and enhance the performance of the cells. lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt-nickle oxides are developed. New carbon materials with better performance are also improved with the consideration of its passivation film. Furthermore. the choice of eletrolyte is dependent on its compatibility with anode. By improving the eletrolyte characteristics. the safety of the cell can be improved dramaticly. For instance. the addition of certain organic molecules can prevent the thermal runaway of the cells. Following the development of electronic products with slim shape. polymer electrolyte is under development inevitably. Although the lith ium ion cells have demonstrated their capabilities with high cnergy density as evaluated in EV application, there are several issues including high cost. safety concerns and performance under strict environment needed to be solved.

並列關鍵字

lithium ion cell ； intercalation ； lithium cobalt oxide ； carbon ； organic electrolyte