芳杯化合物的發展與應用

隨著奈米科技的蓬勃發展，超分子化學的研究和發展也受到廣泛的重視。本文主要針對超分子化合物中的杯狀物–芳杯，介紹其命名規則、合成及修飾的基本原則、以及其基本物理特性；其中芳杯構形的翻轉對於客體分子的錯合有極重要的決定性因素，因此如何判斷構形是芳杯合成中的重要課題。芳杯的主要用途之一為分子感測器，經由上緣或下緣修飾以發色團或是螢光基團即可輕易的判斷錯合情形。它可選擇性的篩選陽離子、陰離子、中性分子、甚至是掌性化合物。此外，結合其他超分子，如冠醚或紫質，不僅可以保有芳杯構形穩定的特色，還可增加錯合客體的效果。芳杯化合物也可藉由氫鍵或金屬配位鍵使其自組合成分子膠囊、分子籠、或是自組合單層(SAMs)，因此吾人可以預期芳杯在未來的應用性會更加寬廣。

關鍵字

芳杯；構形翻轉；分子感測器；分子膠囊；分子籠；自組合單層

並列摘要

Due to the prosperous of nano-technology, the research and development of supramolecular chemistry has attracted considerable recent attention. In this article we review the chemistry of calixarenes and describe their nomenclatures, syntheses, modification principles, and physical properties. Among the physical properties of calixarenes, the conformational flipping is of crucial importance in the complexation of guest molecules, therefore, how to determine the conformations in the synthesis of calixarenes becomes an important subject. One of the major applications of calixarenes is molecular sensors. Through the modification of calixarenes with chromogenic or fluorophores in their upper or lower rims, they can selectively bind cations, anions, neutral molecules, and even chiral molecules. Moreover, when combined with other supramolecules such as crown ethers or porphyrins, calixarenes not only can keep its unique cone shape but also can enhance the complexation ability of guest molecules. Through hydrogen-bonding interactions or metal ligand interactions, calixarenes can also form molecular capsules, molecular cages, or self-assembled monolayers; therefore, one can expect that more and more applications of these molecules will be found in the near future.

並列關鍵字

calixarenes ； conformational flipping ； molecular sensors ； molecular capsules ； molecular cages ； self-assembled monolayers

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芳杯化合物的發展與應用

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