本文內容主要介紹高分子/黏土奈米複合材料與溶膠-凝膠有機/無機高分子奈米複合材料的製備與其相關應用。高分子/黏土奈米複合材料是以高分子為基材添加奈米級層狀黏土。一般來說,黏土具有相當好的機械性質與耐化學性質,藉由添加微量的層狀黏土在高分子基材中達到奈米級分散而提升材料原有的性質一直都是高分子/黏土奈米複合材料研究的方向。本文中將就高分子/黏土奈米複合材料應用於防蝕塗料、阻隔水氣與空氣及介電性質等特性做一系列的介紹。另外以溶膠-凝膠法將無機矽氧化物與有機高分子鍵結後達到有機/無機混成奈米層級。以此方法所得到的有機/無機混成奈米複合材料不僅可控制有機分子與無機分子的含量,更能進一步控制材料的特性,使材料兼具有機高分子與無機氧化物的特性,同時更提升出許多新的化學與物理性質如材料的強度、模數、耗磨性、表面親疏水性等優於原材料的特異性質。
Self-assembly is the autonomous organization of components into ordered structures without human intervention. Self-assembly has founded the basis for the "bottom-up strategy" of constructing functional and smart nano-materials potentially useful for optical and electronic devices, sensors, catalysts, etc. Among the variety of self-assembled materials, polymer offers an attractive building block for constructing nanostructured materials due to the nanoscale characteristic dimension of polymer molecules. For instance, block copolymers can self-assemble into a series of long-range ordered nanostructures which can be considered as templates for fabricating nanocomposites, nanoporous materials and photonic crystals. In this article, diblock copolymer is taken as the example to demonstrate the rich and complex self-assembly behavior of polymers.