沸石於環境友善性線性烷基苯生產製程之催化應用

Application of Zeolite in the Environmentally Benign Linear Alkylbenzene Process

蔡尚恬(Shang-Tien Tsai) ； 王奕凱(I-kai Wang) ； 蔡振章(Tseng-Chang Tsai)

《化學》 65卷4期 (2007/12) Pp. 385-396

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2007039

摘要

近一世紀以來，天然肥皂進入到合成清潔劑之發展歷程與「綠色化學」所揭櫫的原則息息相關，在產品設計方面，發展出高生物分解性的線性烷基苯(LAB)清潔劑，解決第一代合成清潔劑所造成的河川湖泊優氧化問題。而在生產製程技術方面，發展固體酸觸媒取代傳統高腐蝕性之AlCl_3與HF觸媒，走向更為清淨且環境友善性之催化技術。在沸石觸媒發展方面，經由水蒸氣改良絲光型沸石，可以提高沸石酸性，LAB選擇性可達98%，2-苯基異構物產率為67%，具有最好的生物分解性，穩定性測試達到600小時。改質型絲光型沸石提高了十二烯之異構化/烷化反應之反應速率比，配合外質傳速率 (液相－固相間)與內質傳速率(孔洞內擴散)，因而得到優良產品選擇性。

關鍵字

線性烷基苯 ； 綠色化學 ； 沸石催化 ； 沸石改質

並列摘要

The development of synthetic detergent in the past century is an active example of practicing the principles of green chemistry. In product design aspect, by molecular design the development of environmental benign linear alkylbenzene for the raw material of synthetic detergent in replacement of the first generation highly branched alkylbenzene improves the biodegradability of detergent. In production technology aspect, development of environmental friendly solid acid catalyst has been used to replace the existing AlCl_3 and HF catalyst in the Friedel-Craft reaction. Zeolite has been shown as one of the most promising alkylation catalysts. It was found that steam pretreatment of mordenite can enhance its catalytic stability with the LAB selectivity up to 98% and selectivity of the most biodegradable 2-phenyl isomer up to 67%, which is attributed to the improved external and internal mass transfer and the relative isomerization rate with respect to alkylation. The steam pretreated mordenite can be operated stably up to 600 hours.

並列關鍵字

Linear alkylbenzene ； Green chemistry ； Zeolite catalysis ； Zeolite modification