美國與臺灣體育師資培育認可制度之比較

美國師資培育有三個品質管制的機制，第一為美國國家師資培育認可委員會(NCATE)，第二為州立行政主管認可會(CCSSO)，主要的工作為「新進教師評量與支援之任務，並核發執照，第三為國家專業標準董事會(NBPTS)，這三個組織一同合作，發展和訂定標準與評量，提供師資培育之準備、執照與認證，以及永續發展。其中，NCATE更為美國師資培育的代言人，具有嚴格的認可制度及標準，以下則以NCATE與我國體育師資培育認可制度進行比較，比較之內容有委員的組成方式、認可流程、認可標準、認可之決定及審查結果等，研究結果指出NCATE認可委員的組成是由教育專業人士組成，將政府官員排除在外，而國內認可委員的組成較為多元，如：教育專業人士、政府官員、教師及社會公正人士，NCATE的認可流程相當嚴謹，包括：師資培育單位的自我評鑑、NCATE的實地評鑑等，而國內師資培育的認可流程相當簡單，由教育部認可委員會通過即可，NCATE具有一套嚴格的認可標準，這些認可標準的內容偏向細部性及實務性的審查，而國內也有一些認可標準，如：師資員額、圖書數量及各校教育學程特色，比較偏向形式性及書面性的審查，無法有效的審查出高標準的師資培育單位，因此，建議國內師資培育認可制度，應建立一套師資培育的認可標準，並增加師資培育單位的自我評鑑及校外教育專業團體的評鑑，藉以認可出高品質的師資培育單位，提升體育師資培育的品質。

關鍵字

體育；教師；師資認可

並列摘要

There were three quality control systems for Teacher Education in America, such as National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), Council of Chief State school office (CCSSO) whose major was to Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC), and National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS). Those organizations were working together to develop the standards and evaluation of Teacher Education, and to provide the Preparation, Certification, and Authorization for Teacher Education. In addition, NCATE was the agent of Teacher Education in America, which had severely authorized standards for Teacher Education, and selected the best Teacher Education Organization to develop the qualified teachers. In this study, it was introduced the comparisons of the authorized system of PETE between Taiwan and America, such as the organization of the committee, the process, the standards, decision-making and the results of authorized system. The results of this study were in the following: (a) NCATE was organized by the professionals of education, not the governs, and the authorized committee of Taiwan was organized by professionals of education, governs, teachers and those persons who were in the society. In addition, the process of authorized system in NCATE was very conscientious and careful, such as practical evaluation by itself, but the process of Taiwan was very simple just passed the authorization of Ministry of Education. Furthermore, NCATE had some standards which detailed about the contents of the authorized system, and it also had some formal and paper-work standards of Taiwan, including the number of teachers, the books and magazines, the characteristics of the PETE school. Therefore, it suggested that the authorized system of Taiwan needed some perfect standards for authorizing the PETE system, and adding the evaluation by PETE itself or by the members outside school to enhance the quality of PETE, and also to improve the quality of teaching of physical education.