秦漢至隋唐「軍法」概念初探

The Definition of ＂military law＂ from Qin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty

邵祖威(Shao, Tsu-Wei)

《通識教育與多元文化學報》 7期 (2018/06) Pp. 69-90

摘要

縱觀中國歷史發展有許多的戰爭，也因此與軍事相關的法律常可散見史書，然而於目前可見各朝代律令，並未將與軍事相關的法律獨立成篇，直到元代始才可見《軍律》的出現，因此本文希望藉由自《史記》已降至兩《唐書》中所出現「軍法」一詞的概念進行分類探討，意即今日所言「軍法」乃針對軍隊或軍人身份所制訂之法律，經檢索分析後，可發現這段時期「軍法」的概念大致包含軍律，即針對部隊紀律所的成文法條；軍令，概念偏向行軍作戰的臨時規範、以及軍事國防法規、兵法與兵書等五種含意，由此可證之古代所言之「軍法」一詞並非如今日專指針對軍人身分制定的法律層面，而是包含與軍事相關之事物，或都可以「軍法」稱之。

關鍵字

軍法 ； 軍律 ； 軍令 ； 兵法 ； 兵書

並列摘要

Looking at the development of Chinese history, there are many wars, but military Laws can often be found in history books . The ＂military law＂ became an independent chapter until the emergence of ＂Military Law＂ at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. This article hopes to emerge from the ＂Historical Records＂ which has fallen into two ＂Tang Shu＂. The concept of the term ＂military law＂ is classified and discussed, meaning that the military methods spoken today are based on After the search for and analysis of the laws enacted by the military or military personnel, it can be found that the concept of military law in this period generally includes the military law, that is, the statutory law for military discipline; the military command, the concept is biased toward the temporary specification of marching operations, and military defense regulations. There are five kinds of meanings, namely, the art of warfare and the military books. This can be used to prove that the word ＂military law＂ in ancient times is not what is specifically referred to as the legal dimension today, but includes things related to the military, or both can be called ＂military law＂.

並列關鍵字

Military law ； Military order ； Military command ； art of war ； Tactics