論《左傳》「仲尼曰」、「孔子曰」

Study on ＂Confucius said＂ and ＂ Zhong-ni said＂ in ＂Zuo Zhuan＂

柯岳君(Ko, Yueh-chun)

《通識教育與多元文化學報》 7期 (2018/06) Pp. 91-113

摘要

《左傳》是出色的史書，也是重要的經書。常在敘記史事之後，引時賢名人的評析，也常用「君子曰」，或用「仲尼曰」，「孔子曰」做評斷。所錄入評斷史事的各項議論，實際也貼近《左傳》作者的史觀意識。《左傳》「仲尼曰」、「孔子曰」總共三十三處，字數或達百餘字，而短在三、四十字以下者居半。字數雖短，猶可透見其思想梗概傳。《左傳》引述「仲尼曰」、「孔子曰」之作用，一、闡明微言大義，二、維護禮意，三、用以評判人物，四、在晚期史評有取代君子曰的傾向，五、凸顯孔子博學廣智。至於「仲尼曰」、「孔子曰」評述所表達的中心思想，則可分類為：一、主張重視禮制名份，二、提倡德政治民，三、稱美忠義，四、善用言辭言戒妄臆，在第二項提倡德政治民，又分小項為：1、主張施政寬猛相濟，2、用人選任賢能，3、輕稅養民，4、偃息甲兵。「仲尼曰」、「孔子曰」内容豐富，件件點明事件精髓，貼合《左傳》撰述意旨，殿之史事之末，對《左傳》文章藝術的統一性與完整性，能整體合一，實具畫龍點睛效能。

關鍵字

《左傳》 ； 孔子曰 ； 仲尼曰 ； 微言大義 ； 禮制名份

並列摘要

＂Zuo Zhuan＂ is the splendid history book, also is the important Confucian classics.Often after narrates records the history events, directs the eminent scholars celebrity's evaluation, also commonly used ＂the gentleman says＂, or uses ＂the Confucius to say＂, ＂Confucius said＂ makes the judgment.Inputs the judgment history events each discussion, also draws close to ＂ Zuo Zhuan ＂ actually author's history viewpoint consciousness. ＂ Zuo Zhuan ＂ ＂the zhong ni said＂, ＂Confucius said＂ altogether 33, the number of words or reaches hundred characters, but below three, four crosses occupies short half.Although number of words short, probably passes sees its thought outline. ＂ Zuo Zhuan ＂ utilizes ＂the zhong ni to say＂, ＂Confucius said＂ the function, one, in the exposition subli^(190)me words with deep meaning, two, in the maintenance etiquette, three, is using to judge the character, four, has in the later period history commentary substitutes for the tendency which the gentleman said, five, highlights the Confucius learned broad wisdom. ＂The zhong ni said＂, ＂Confucius said＂ the content is rich, each article pointed out the event essence, the fitting ＂ Zuo Zhuan ＂ the author intention, at the end of history events of the palace, to ＂ Zuo Zhuan ＂ the article art unity and the integrity, can the whole gather one, solid adds the finishing touch the function.

並列關鍵字

Zuo Zhuan ； Confucius said ； Zhong Ni said ； Sublime words with deep meaning ； the Etiquette