環境自願協議於中國之應用困境－－公私協力的觀點

Implementation of Environmental Voluntary Agreement in China: A Public‐Private Partnership Perspective

李翠萍(Tsuey-Ping Lee) ； 汪莉絹(Li-Chuan Wang)

《政策與人力管理》 3卷1期 (2012/06) Pp. 43-88

https://doi.org/10.29944/PPM.201206.0002

摘要

強調公私部門協力關係與自願動機的自願途徑，在環境治理領域中逐漸成為重要的政策工具，並被視為是降低環境污染的有效工具。然而，自願途徑應用於中國時，在中國特有的政治、經濟、與社會脈絡之下，卻不見得如其在西方國家應用時那般有效，甚至遭遇了很多困難。本研究主要目的，即從公私協力的觀點，分析中國政府採行此種政策工具時所面臨的困境。研究發現，公私協力中的重要構成要件在中國的政經脈絡之下顯得非常不足，導致自願協議面臨種種困境，包括公私部門之間的權力分配不對等；私部門缺乏自願動機；公私部門之間缺乏信賴關係；公民社會不足以成熟到可以發揮監督的力量；再加上中國政府優先發展經濟的政策前提，使得自願協議在中國無法發揮應有的功效。本文最後試圖從異種趨同的觀點，解釋中國政府為何在困難中仍舊持續採行自願途徑的原因。

關鍵字

自願協議 ； 中國環境政策 ； 環境治理 ； 公私協力

並列摘要

The field of environmental governance instead of employing the traditional mandate-and-control approach has emphasized a voluntary approach based upon voluntary partnership and mutual commitments, regarding it as a cost-effective way to help environmental pollution mitigation. However, this approach applied to the unique political, economic, and social contexts of China, may not be as cost-effective as it is in western countries and actually encountered many obstacles. Based upon a public-private partnership perspective, the primary goal of this article is to analyze the implementation difficulties of the government's adoption of the new-style policy instrument in China. This study finds that Chinese government encountered multiple difficulties in the practice of voluntary approach because of asymmetry power relationship between public and private sectors, a lack of voluntary motivation of private sector, little trust existed in the public-private relationship, immature green citizen society, as well as economic growth as the top priority policy. In order to explore the reasons for China’s adoption of the voluntary approach, this article examines the reasons through a discussion on the isomorphic processes of China.

並列關鍵字

voluntary agreement ； China's environmental policies ； environmental governance ； public-private partnership