影響K他命法律定位認知關連因素實證研究：以雲林縣警務以及教育人員為對象

An Empirical Study on Relevance Factors Influencing the Legal Positioning of Ketamine

戴伸峰(Shen-Feng Tai) ； 吳佩倚(Pei-Yi Wu)

《藥物濫用防治》 2卷3期 (2017/09) Pp. 13-38

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.2017.2.3.2

摘要

K他命自2002年公告為第三級毒品，臺灣各項官方統計數據均可觀察到其濫用情形之攀升，對於是否該升級為第二級毒品，自2003年法務部毒品審議委員會成立迄今，共進行8次審議，其審議結果均為維持第三級毒品，顯見該議題之爭議性與重要性。因此，本研究試圖從我國第一線緝毒及毒品防治宣導人員之意向，探究影響K他命法律定位之關聯性因素。採問卷調查法，編制「K他命法律定位認知關聯性調查」問卷，以網路問卷進行滾雪球取樣，取得有效樣本493份，有效回收達97.43%。研究結果發現，對於K他命吸食責任歸屬之負面認知會影響研究參與者對於法令修正之需求變化，從歸因偏誤（Attribution bias）的角度來看，基本的歸因謬誤（fundamental attribution error）、控制的錯覺（illusion of control）使研究參與者過度歸因於K他命藥癮者的個人特質，忽略其家庭背景、社會結構等危險因素，認為他們要為該行為負起責任，即懲罰是他們應得的；而從「嚴懲政策有效性」對於「改列第二級支持度」及「維持第三級支持度」均具有正向預測力，可看出我國現行K 他命防治策略在少年處遇方面恐有刑事嚴 懲化之疑慮。並於討論及建議處針對我國毒品防治政策之實務作法提出建議，建議方向主要乃針對藥物訊息之真實報導以及相關教育宣導之全面訊息提供為方向，降低歸因偏誤之負向效果所造成的藥物濫用刻板印象。

關鍵字

K他命 ； K他命 ； 除罪化 ； 犯罪衍生性 ； 毒品分級 ； 負性效果

並列摘要

Ketamine was listed as a Schedule III controlled substance in 2002. Statistics presented in a number of official Taiwanese reports show that the abuse of ketamine is elevating. Since the establishment of the Ministry of Justice Narcotics Review Committee in 2003, eight hearings have been arranged to determine whether to promote ketamine as a Schedule II controlled substance, all of which concluded in the retention the original classification. These outcomes highlight the controversy and importance of this issue. This paper aimed to investigate the relevance factors influencing the legal positioning of ketamine from the perspective of frontline anti-narcotics and drug control personnel. First, five representative research subjects were invited to participate in qualitative interviews to highlight a preliminary list of factors influencing the legal positioning of ketamine. These factors were used to compile a questionnaire. A convenience sampling approach was adopted for quantitative data collection; wherein a questionnaire was designed and disseminated electronically. Data analysis outcomes indicated that negative perception towards the attribution of responsibility for ketamine abuse affected participants’ demand for legal amendment. From an attribution bias perspective, fundamental attribution error and the illusion of control caused the participants to overly attribute ketamine addiction to users’ personal traits, neglecting factors of family background and social structure. Participants felt that users should assume responsibility for their own actions and that users deserved to be punished. ＂Effectiveness of punishment policies＂ was a positive predictor of ＂support of promoting ketamine as a Schedule II controlled narcotic＂ and ＂support of retaining ketamine as a Schedule III controlled narcotic.＂ Findings revealed that extant ketamine prevention strategies in Taiwan might be overly punitive towards juveniles.

並列關鍵字

Ketamine ； decriminalization ； crime derivation ； drug classification