法藏における三時敎觀と唯識思想の三轉法輪説について

The Doctrinal Classification of the Three Periods in Fazang and the Teaching of the Threefold Turning of the Wheel of Dharma in the Mind-Only School

橘川智昭(Tomoaki KITSUKAWA)

《華嚴學報》 11期 (2019/03) Pp. 143-182

摘要

法藏は『華嚴經探玄記』の中で戒賢と智光の三時教説を詳説している．玄奘の新譯典籍に基づく中國唐代の新譯唯識は戒賢の思想を繼承しているとされるために，法藏が論じた戒賢の三時教説は一般に新譯唯識派の教相判釋説であると見られてきた．しかし本論文では，新譯唯識の三時教説の源となった『解深密經』「無自性相品」の考察を通じて，新譯唯識が三時教説を論じた目的は，必ずしも法藏が彼の著書で論じたようなものではなかったと考えるべき根據を明示する．新譯唯識が『解深密經』の三轉法輪説をいかに理解していたかを分析することで，同派がこの教説を教判論としてではなく，むしろ無自性の教えに基づく大乘の實踐論として理解していたことを，本論文の執筆者は主張する．これにより本論では，法藏の三時教説の獨自性と，それが『解深密經』の三轉法輪説を中國佛教の，ひいては東アジア佛教の，獨特な一面である教判論的な傾向の強いものへと變えていく上で果たした役割を，浮き彫りにする。

關鍵字

三時敎（三種敎，三轉法輪説） ； 法藏 ； 華嚴五敎章 ； 華嚴經探玄記 ； 戒賢 ； 智光 ； 解深密經 ； 圓測 ； 解深密經疏 ； 基（窺基） ； 成唯識論述記

並列摘要

Fazang (法藏) discusses the doctrinal classification of the Three Periods (三時教説, hereafter, Three Periods Theory) of Jiexian (戒賢) and Zhiguang (智光) in detail in his Huayan-jing Tanxuan-ji. As the Mind-Only theory of Tang China based on Xuanzang's (玄奘) new translations (新訳唯識) is regarded as a succession of Jiexian's ideas, Jiexian's Three Periods Theory discussed by Fazang has generally been seen as a theory of doctrinal classification (判教) of the Mind-Only school based on the new translations. However, this paper will show that from an examination of the Wuzixingxiang chapter (無自性相品) of the Saṃdhi-nirmocana Sūtra (hereafter, SNS), in which the Mind-Only school's Three Periods Theory has its roots, there are reasons to believe that the school's aim in expounding this theory was not exactly as Fazang laid out in his treatise. Through an analysis of how the Mind- Only school based on the new translations understood the teaching of the Threefold Turning of the Wheel of Dharma (三轉法輪説) in the SNS, the author will argue that the school understood the teaching not as an attempt at doctrinal classification but rather as a theory of Mahāyāna practice based on the teachings of non-existence of self-nature (niḥsvabhāva). This paper will illustrate the originality of Fazang's rendering of the Three Periods Theory and how it contributed in turning the Threefold Turning of the Wheel of Dharma theory in the SNS into one with strong overtones of doctrinal classification which is a unique aspect of the Chinese Buddhist tradition and Buddhism in East Asia.