- 期刊
華語近義詞教學之課堂操作：以「改善」、「改進」、「改良」為例
Classroom Teaching of Synonyms in Mandarin: Using gǎi shàn, gǎi jìn, and gǎi liáng as Examples
摘要
華語學習者的詞語運用錯誤中，近義詞偏誤佔了很高的比例，而近義詞偏誤中又以動詞的近義詞偏誤最為嚴重。本文辨析「改善」、「改進」、「改良」這組近義動詞，就實務上近義詞教學的課堂操作為切入點，呈現其課堂教學操作方式，希望可幫助華語學習者區別這組近義動詞，也希望可提供華語教師可參考之教學方法。課堂教學的操作方式是由教師設計出例句展示給學習者，並以提問、提示等方法予以引導，藉由學習者參與思考、討論、問答，與教師合作，共同理出這組近義詞之區別特徵與規則，並由前測與後測來驗收學習成果。「改善」、「改進」、「改良」三詞都表示「向好的方向改變」的意思，但在使用情境與搭配詞語上，存在著一些差異。在本文所呈現之課堂操作中，學習者並非被動接受教師講授近義詞知識，而是由教師提出啟發式問題，在討論和問答中，引導學習者思考並體察華語母語人士使用這組近義詞之思維，讓學習者主動發現「改善」、「改進」、「改良」各是怎樣的改變、改變了什麼、側重點為何。學習者在學習過程中投入心力，可提高其學習興趣，也可獲得更好的學習成效。
並列摘要
Mistakes in the application of synonyms account for a high percentage of typical errors made by Mandarin students, and the use of verbs with similar meanings is considered particularly difficult. This paper examines a set of similar verbs, i.e. gǎi shàn, gǎi jìn and gǎi liáng, as a demonstration for classroom teaching of synonyms in Mandarin. It is hoped that this classroom demonstration can help Mandarin learners to differentiate this set of similar verbs, and offer some suggestions for Mandarin teachers. In the classroom demonstration, the teacher shows example sentences to students and guides students with discussion questions. Students are prompted to think, discuss, ask and work with the teacher to come up with the differentiating principles and rules of this set of synonyms. A pre-test and post-test are performed to assess the learning effectiveness. Gǎi shàn, gǎi jìn and gǎi liáng all mean things are ＂getting better＂. However, there are some variances in the connotations and the contextual terms with which these verbs are used. In the classroom demonstration, students are not receiving the knowledge passively from the teacher. Rather, they are prompted with inspiring questions from the teacher and engaged actively in discussions, questions and answers. Students are guided to appreciate and experience how Mandarin native speakers think about and use this set of synonyms. The process allows students to discover how gǎi shàn, gǎi jìn, and gǎi liáng change things, what changes they bring about and on what they are focused. The involvement by students increases learning interest and enhances learning effectiveness.