從禪悟的觀點論海德格、道元與慧能

作者在本文中，將首先從悟的觀點，以海德格對於時間和短暫性的暸解，來說明和檢視他對於人之存在的暸解。所謂悟，主要是指對於自我、世界和萬物的全體而最終的暸解，把它當作全體和最終的本體，其性質並未加以界說，也不加以固定。藉著提出悟的問題，並從悟的觀點來討論，相信將可以使我們重新瞭解海德格對於人之存在的看法，並幫助我們嚴謹地評估他的「實存」(Dasein) 哲學。其次，由於採取這種新的立場，我們將可以把他與禪相提並論，發展出悟的觀點，從而藉用現代西方思想的一個主流對於禪的思想，從事現代和最新的分析、詮釋和批評。最後，探討禪的源流，其入于處最好是深刻和具有啟發性的中國 (南) 禪宗創始人六祖慧能，以及偉大的日本禪宗修行者和思想家道元。

關鍵字

修證一等；行持道環；公案；臨濟；曹洞

並列摘要

In this article, I intend to first explain and examine Heidegger's understanding of human existence in terms of his understanding of time and temporality from an enlightenmental point of view. By enlightenment I mean primarily a total and an ultimate understanding of self, the world and all things as the total and the ultimate reality, the nature of which is left undefined and unfixated. By raising the question of enlightenment and taking an enlightenmental point of view, I believe that we can shed a new light on what Heidegger has to say on human existence as well as on how we can critically evaluate his philosophy of Dasein. Next, in this new stance we are able to relate him to the Ch'an/Zen tradition which develops the enlightenmental point of view so that Ch'an/Zen thinking will receive a modern and up-to-date analysis, elucidation and critique in light of and in reference to one influential form of contemporary Western thinking. Finally, it is important to look into the pristine sources of the ch'an/Zen thinking in terms of the profound and inspiring Chinese (Southern) Ch'an founder Hui-neng the Sixth Patriarch and the great Japanese Zen practitioner and thinker Dogen.