大足石篆山石門山妙高山宋代石窟與文氏鐫匠世家的關係研究

本文分為三部份：一、大足石篆山、石門山、妙高山宋代石窟遺址都有釋、道、儒，三教合一造像。三處造像，年代連續，從北宋元豐5 年（1082）至南宋紹興年間（1131～1162），其中都保留有宋代來自普州（今安岳縣）文氏幾代鐫匠的造像題刻。二、三處中的佛像造型，與中國前期其他石窟中的典型區別是，頭頂或有或無高肉髻，螺髮延及雙鬢及其耳輪中下部，身著中國式袈裟。菩薩造型，形體塊面與線條結合方式極佳；沉重的寶冠、繁多瓔珞，表現形體曲線美，並突顯出女性靚麗的肌膚質感；衣飾採用鐵線描，或白描，或工筆重彩。這些宋代造像為中國石窟寺藝術增添了「自成體系」的新分期。三、整理文氏鐫匠世家在大足（安岳、資中）宋代石窟中的造像題刻，經研究，他們共傳七代，約兩個世紀，其題名造像是探究大足及周邊石窟遺址佚名造像的「標型物」。

關鍵字

宋代石窟；雕刻技藝；自成體系期；文氏鐫匠；傳承譜系

並列摘要

This paper is divided into three parts. 1. The stone grottos remains in Mt. Shizhuan, Mt. Shimen, and Mt. Maogao of Dazu all have mixed statutes of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The statutes were created continuously from 1082 to the period between 1131 and 1162. Among them were inscriptions on statutes by several generations of Engravers of the Wen Clan from pu-zhou (nowdays An-yueh County) of Song Dynasty. 2. The typical differences of the Buddha statues of the three places from those of previous Chinese stone grottos: some have topknots on crown and some not; spiral hairs extend to both chins and the middle and low parts of ears; the statutes dress in Chinese style robe. The bodhisattva statues have excellent mixture of blocks and lines on body; they wear heavy crown, various jewels, slim, and tender skin of female; their dresses are painted with iron line in black or color. These Song Dynasty's statues added new period of ＂self style＂ to the Chinese stone grottos art. 3. After a survey of the statues inscriptions of Song Dynasty's stone grottos in Dazu (An-yueh, Tze-chung), the author found that the Engravers of the Wen Clan lasted for seven generations in about two centuries. The statues with their inscriptions are the ＂model objects＂ in the research of the anonymous statues in Dazu and sourrounding stone grottos remains.