懷感的往生論

往生阿彌陀佛的極樂世界，乃是中國淨土宗教學的旨歸。懷感（卒年699）為淨土宗宗匠善導（613～681）的高弟，其代表作《釋淨土群疑論》，為早期中國淨土系著作中篇幅最長、內容最全面、系統最清晰的一種，然而歷來沒有受到重視，以懷感為專題的中文著作迄今還是闕如。本文分　往生極樂世界的利益、　往生極樂世界的過程、　極樂世界眾生的存在狀態、　往生說評難的辯解共四部分，詳細析述懷感對往生極樂世界和其相關問題的看法；申示懷感對淨土宗教理系統建立所作的貢獻，凸顯他以法相宗的唯識教說來詮釋淨土宗的教義的思想特點，並且把他的教學的平實取向跟其先師善導的教學的理想格調作出對比。

關鍵字

懷感；往生；阿彌陀佛；極樂世界；來迎

並列摘要

Huaigan (D. 699) was the leading disciple of the pre-eminent Pure Land master Shandao (613-683) and one of the earliest systematizers of Pure Land thought. His representative and only extant work, the Shi Jingtu Qunyi Lun, was a brilliant attempt at Pure Land apologetics. Written under strong Yogacara influence, the work spans the whole range of Pure Land ideas and practices, and provides replies to virtually all the criticisms, which have been raised against the teaching of the Pure Land School. This paper tries to examine Huaiguan's interpretation of the cardinal Pure Land doctrine of rebirth in the Land of Supreme Bliss of the Buddha Amit?bha. It comprises the following sections: 1. The benefits of rebirth in the Land of Supreme Bliss 2. The process of rebirth in the Land of Supreme Bliss 3. The state of existence of sentient beings reborn in the Land of Supreme Bliss 4. Replies to criticisms of the doctrine of rebirth in the Land of Supreme Bliss