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The Educational Role of Virtual Art Museums

虛擬美術館的藝術教育使命

摘要


In this information age, virtual museums can be seen as a reflection of the new philosophy of post-modern museums. This philosophy has changed the educational role of the museum and given weight to the renegotiation between museums and their visitors. In this sense, museums have become much closer to and conscious of the visitors with whom they are communicating. The train of thought of this paper mainly follows the Constructivist view of Hein's research into museum education. The purpose of this study is to seek answers to the following questions:1.What are the differences in education and learning between physical museums and Web-based museums?2.What is the educational role of virtual art museums? 3.What are the ideal design and educational strategies for art museums seeking to transfer from physical forms to Web-based forms? 4.What are the important factors for constructing museum online learning programs? 5.How do the current phenomena of online museums fit this study's proposed theories? To answer these questions, this study adopted the methodologies of literature review and case studies. From the results, the following conclusions emerged, which suggest that virtual art museums: 1.Evolve from 'objectcentric' displays to ‘user-oriented’ interpretation.2.Embrace two-way communication and interactive approaches from a narrative perspective. 3.Develop multiple learning experiences and equal-opportunity educational opportunities for different types of participants.4.Create web logs and online communities, and evaluate visitor data to understand directions for future improvement. 5.Integrate cooperative space for online discussion and participation in virtual exhibitions.

並列摘要


身處資訊時代,虛擬美術館可視為後現代美術館反思其未來方向的一個代表性使命。博物館的經營哲學自二十世紀後半以來,已逐漸將其教育上的角色,轉向與博物館訪客之間的互動、溝通與再協調。也就是說,訪客本身已成為當代博物館在佈展與教育策略上,所亟欲產生對話的聚焦所在。本研究的思路主要遵循博物館教育學者George Hein(1998)的建構主義觀點,以作為探討虛擬美術館之教育策略的理論依據。據此,本研究係欲解答下列問題:一、實體美術館與虛擬美術館在教育學習上之差異為何?二、虛擬美術館的藝術教育使命為何?三、美術館從實體轉向虛擬平臺,理想的網站設計與教育策略為何?四、影響並建構博物館線上學習的主要因素為何?五、目前世界各地博物館網站的展覽之教育性現況為何?欲回答以上問題,本論文採用文獻分析與個案研究方法。本研究結果總結出以下幾點,即建議虛擬美術館的線上教育應該:一、從物件導向的展示,轉向以使用者為中心的詮釋。二、以訪客建構敘事的觀點,營造雙向溝通與互動的策略。三、發展多元的學習經驗,使不同語言、類型參與者,獲得教育均等的機會。四、建立網站登錄與虛擬社群,記錄並評估訪客資料,以為未來改進之參考。五、提供線上討論及訪客參與虛擬展覽的合作性空間。

參考文獻


American Association of Museums(1984).(Museums for a New Century: A Report of the Commission on Museums for a New Century).
Museum and the Web 2001
Museum & the Web 2003
Museum & the Web 2003
Museum & the Web 2003

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