文化部門中的非部會公共機構：從歐洲國家博物館組織再造看行政法人化

Non-Departmental Public Bodies under the Department of Culture: The New Status of National Museums in Europe

黃心蓉(Patricia Huang)

《博物館學季刊》 22卷4期 (2008/10) Pp. 5-25

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.200810_22(4).0001

摘要

臺灣於2002年以「去任務化」、「委外化」、「地方化」及「行政法人化」等方針，籌劃推動組織改革。其中「行政法人化」，預計適用於研究、試驗、社教、文化、監理審議等5種類型機關，如首間成立的行政法人機關「國立中正文化中心」，即屬文化類型。因日本獨立行政法人制度受英國政署影響很大，臺灣在參考借鏡其他實例以進行改制討論時，多一併討論「政署」制，但也有學者認為臺灣的行政法人制實較接近英國的「非部會公共機構」。在此研究背景下，本文主旨主要有二：其一在於以英國國立博物館為例，分析非部會公共機構與政署的特性，並以之對照英國文化政策的中立基調；其二在於深度檢視荷蘭、西班牙、法國等國的國立博物館組織變革。研究結果顯示，各國政府再造的原因雖異，但多選擇由理事會主導、具英國非公共部會機關特性的類型為改制後博物館的架構；然而，享有高度會計及人事自主權的非部會公共機構，更需要嚴密的設計及課責監督機制，以確保公共利益在文化事務上的實現。

關鍵字

組織再造 ； 非部會公共機構 ； 政署 ； 國立博物館 ； 文化部

並列摘要

The administrative changes in Japan's national museums have been closely observed by Taiwan's museum sector, which is set to undergo its own reforms. Many national museums in Europe, where tight state control and stable subsidies have been time-honored practices, have also experienced management shake-ups in the past few years. Since UK's ＂Agency＂ and ＂Non-Departmental Public Body＂ (formerly known as QUANGO) are the models often mentioned in discussions on reform, these two categories of organizations merit in-depth study. The aims of this study are, using the example of England's national museums, to illustrate the characteristic features of Non-Departmental Public Body and Agency, and to discuss the different purposes they may serve under the Department of Culture, as well as to examine the recent status changes among national museums in the Netherlands, Spain and France, and to analyze their newly-gained flexibility in budgeting and daily operations. The results indicate that most countries adopt organizational structures similar to that of the UK's NDPB, and expect museums to meet quantitative targets in exchange for continuing financial support. In order for the NDPB model to be implemented more smoothly and efficiently, the qualifications of trustees, subsidy ratios, and performance evaluations need to be designed and reviewed by all involved parties.

並列關鍵字

re-organization ； non-departmental public body ； agency ； national museum ； Department of Culture

參考文獻

薛平山、薛平海(2004)。國立博物館「行政法人化」就能解決專業人員晉用的老問題？。博物館學季刊。18(1)，125-132。

秦裕傑(2003)。博物館「行政法人」化之商榷。博物館學季刊。17(2)，107-110。

彭錦鵬(2000)。英國政署之組織設計與運作成效。歐美研究。30(3)，89-141。

(2003)。行政法人法草案。

國立中正文化中心設置條例