臺灣公立美術館教育展的源起、特色與多元發展

臺灣公立美術館的教育展，是在鼓勵觀眾成為積極的文化參與者，並以提高觀眾的藝術參與經驗和學習效益之目標下催生的。教育展的使命乃是「形塑一個環境，讓參與者透過融入其中的自身體驗，產生自己的看法及建立自己的經驗。」（黃才郎，2003：83）本研究的目的其一是藉由文獻耙梳，以及訪談發起教育展的關鍵館長與4位主要推動該類展覽的教育主管，探討臺灣3座公立美術館（臺北市立美術館、國立臺灣美術館及高雄市立美術館）之教育展的源起和其發展脈絡。其二，將蒐集自3座美術館官網所呈現的教育展訊息，應用書目計量法、內容分析法並結合多年展場觀察，分析3座公立美術館所舉辦的教育展之主題內容屬性、活動策略與設計要點，以及空間特性與類型。並邀請3館中承辦教育展的2位單位主管與3位資深教育人員，檢核本文中對各館書寫內容的正確性並提供補充的資料，以增加研究效度。最後以核心價值、教育理念、觀眾的角色、展示活動策略、學習內容、展場的空間特性等6個向度，歸納臺灣公立美術館教育展的整體特質。臺灣的美術館，或兼具藝術屬性的博物館，近幾年來，有擴增兒童體驗學習的空間與籌辦各種互動式展示之發展趨勢。因此，作者希望藉由將臺灣三大公立美術館教育展這23年來（1996年起至2019年底為止）的樣貌做一個梳理，以提供美術館等相關文化教育機構對教育展的未來策劃、發展與相關研究上的參考。

關鍵字

美術館教育展；美術館教育；博物館觀眾學習；互動式展示

並列摘要

The initiation of educational exhibitions in three of Taiwan's public art museums-The Taipei Fine Arts Museum, the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, and the Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts-was to encourage visitors to be active cultural participants, and to enhance their art experiences and learning. The mission of an art museum exhibition is to ＂build an environment where, through experiential learning, visitors create individual ideas and construct personal experiences [with meaning]＂ (Tsai-Lang Huang, 2003: 83). The aims of this research were, first, to discuss the origin and developmental contexts of the educational exhibitions in these three museums by conducting a literature review and interviews of the key museum director and four heads of three education departments; second, to analyze characteristics of the educational art museum exhibitions in three areas: the characteristics of the subject-matter, the strategies and key points of the activity design, and the spatial features and styles of the educational exhibitions of the three art museums. Data were collected on the educational exhibitions from the official websites of the three museums. Bibliometrics, content analysis, and several years of on-site observations were used to analyze these data. To assure research validity, two education department heads and three senior educators from these three museums were invited to review the analysis and results of the data collected in this study. Finally, the comprehensive characteristics of an educational art museum exhibition are discussed according to six perspectives: its core value, educational philosophy, the visitor's role, activity strategy, learning contents, and features of its spaces. As to the development of educational exhibitions, there has been a trend in expanding children's experiential learning spaces and increasing interactive exhibitions in Taiwan's art museums, and museums that have an art program. Therefore, the results of this study are intended to provide a general overview of educational art museum exhibitions from 1996 to 2019; and to be a research referent for the art museum and related cultural and educational institutions that plan to develop educational exhibitions for all kinds of visitors.