權力下放與教師的專業自主－港台兩地教育改革的經驗與思考

Decentralization and Teacher Professional Autonomy-Reflection on the Educational Reform Experiences of Hong Kong and Taiwan

黎萬紅(Man-Hong Lai) ； 盧乃桂(Leslie N. K. Lo)

《教育研究集刊》 48:4期 (2002/12) Pp. 53-74

https://doi.org/10.6910/BER.200212_(48-4).0003

摘要

面對全球化的衝擊，港台兩地均積極進行教育改革。權力下放以及提高教師的專業自主性，成爲了兩地教育改革共通的主要政策方向。在權力下放政策下，兩地中央政府的角色獲得了重新的定位，地方教育部門的角色日形重要，校本管理更成爲重要的改革措施。綜觀兩地的經驗，教育分權充其量是介乎分散與委派管理的狀態。在多重機構權力重新定位的情境下，在學校層面，增加了各持分者的參與機會，然而，香港教師的參與代表性非常低，台灣學校引入了較多的家長及教師的參與，學校微觀政治卻日趨複雜。面對日趨複雜的工作環境，兩地教師的脆弱性日增。要眞正釋放教師的專業空間，相信需要政策及學校層面的改革配合。教師的增權，仍是兩地一條漫長的追尋道路。

關鍵字

分權 ； 教育改革 ； 教師專業化

並列摘要

Hong Kong and Taiwan have initiated reform efforts in their educational system in an attempt to cope with the challenges of globalization. Decentralization and teacher professionalization have been among the major policy changes in educational policy. Under the new policies, the roles of the state and local educational departments have indeed changed, and their responsibilities in education have been altered. School-based management has been used as a major strategy for facilitating educational reform. In the course of decentralizing power and shifting responsibilities to the schools, the state of affairs in both educational systems can be characterized as progressing from deconcentration to delegation. At the school level, the participation of various stakeholders has been enhanced; however, unlike that in Taiwan, the participation of Hong Kong teachers is considered low. In Taiwan, parents and teachers have stronger involvement in school affairs, but micro-politics have also given rise to complications with regard to operations. Having to face the challenges of micro-politics in school, the vulnerability of the teachers in these two societies has become more apparent. There is a need for further reform at both the policy and school levels for authentic professional autonomy to be actualized. The empowerment of teachears remains an arduous process in the pursuit of teachers' professionalism.

並列關鍵字

decentralization ； educational reform ； teacher professionalization

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