教育研究中的「職業調查封閉式問卷」之信效度分析

An Analysis of the Reliability and Validity of the Close-Ended Questionnaire of the Occupational Survey in the Educational Research

黃毅志(Yih-Jyh Hwang)

《教育研究集刊》 51:4期 (2005/12) Pp. 43-71

https://doi.org/10.6910/BER.200512_(51-4).0002

摘要

「社會變遷調查新職業分類」，以及根據此分類所建構的「臺灣地區新職業社經地位量表」，力求測量精確，也就包括眾多的職業類別，並根據開放式問卷將受訪者填答的職業歸類。然而最近許多針對國內學生所做的調查，由於樣本過大，如果根據開放式問卷調查學生父母職業，就會提高許多成本，也就採用封閉式問卷，請受訪者在少數的大類職業類別中，選擇適當的類別；如此簡略的封閉式問卷測量適當嗎？也就很值得探究。本研究從採用封閉式問卷的兩項大調查學生樣本中，隨機抽取部分樣本，同時以封閉式與開放式問卷來調查學生的父親職業，比較兩種測量結果的異同，並評估封閉式問卷的信效度。研究結果顯示：封閉式問卷有良好的再測信度，其建構效度，比起測量精緻的「臺灣地區新職業社經地位量表」，也沒低多少。

關鍵字

職業分類 ； 封閉式問卷 ； 信效度分析

並列摘要

The ＂New Occupational Classification of Survey of Social Change＂ and the ＂New Occupational Socioeconomic Scale＂ for Taiwan, based on the former, strive to provide precise measurements. Therefore they contain many occupational classifications, and the coder classifies the occupations based on the respondents' answers on an open-ended questionnaire. However, many surveys designed for Taiwan students use large samples; if they survey the occupations of students' parents based on the open-ended questionnaire, the costs would be very high. Therefore, the surveys are now in the form of a close-ended questionnaire: on it the respondents choose the appropriate ones from the occupational classifications. Here, the author set out to investigate whether the close-ended questionnaire is appropriate. The large sample of the study was made up of respondents from two groups of students, and the author simultaneously used close-ended and open-ended questionnaires on which the author asked about the occupations of the students' fathers. Moreover, the author compared the similarities and differences between the results from using the two kinds of questionnaires. The author also assessed the reliability and validity of the close-ended questionnaire. The results are as follows: close-ended questionnaires have good test-retest reliability, and compared with the refined ＂New Occupational Socioeconomic Scale＂ for Taiwan, the construct validity is slightly lower.

並列關鍵字

occupational classification ； close-ended questionnaire ； analysis of reliability and validity

參考文獻

黃毅志(2003)。教育研究集刊。

陳怡靖(2001)。教育研究集刊。

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