Why and How to Read the Zhuangzi? Late Ming Neidan Master Cheng Yining's Answer

《莊子》詮釋的原因與方法：明末內丹家程以寧的答案

安龍(Jean Angles)

《師大學報》 65卷2期 (2020/09) Pp. 147-169

https://doi.org/10.6210/JNTNU.202009_65(2).0007

摘要

The Commentary and Sub-commentary to the True Classic of Southern Splendor is a late Ming commentary on the Zhuangzi, which interprets it from a Neidan perspective. The author Cheng Yining develops an original hermeneutical strategy, seldom seen in the history of Zhuangzi exegesis: he reads the Zhuangzi as an inner alchemy classic, and his commentary aims to uncover its alchemical meaning. To support his reading, Cheng Yining creates a new figure for the author Zhuangzi, who becomes a transformation body of the Most High Lord Lao, and writes the Southern Splendor to reveal to the world the road to immortality using ＂symbolic words.＂ Cheng Yining's goal is to decipher those symbols, thus offering what he sees as the sole way of reading the Zhuangzi that remains true to its original intent. His commentary stands as a meritorious deed, accomplished by Cheng Yining to provide the real meaning of the Zhuangzi, and to gain the Most High Lord Lao's help to complete his own inner alchemical practice.

關鍵字

Cheng Yining ； hermeneutics ； inner alchemy ； Late Ming thought ； Zhuangzi

並列摘要

《南華真經注疏》是一部明末時以內丹角度去研讀《莊子》的註解。其作者程以寧闡述了一種罕見於莊子詮釋歷史中的原創詮釋學方法：他將《莊子》看作內丹經典，而他的註解目的則在於揭示其內丹精義。為了支持他的解釋，程以寧必須創造一個新的作者莊子的形象，讓他不但成為了太上老君的化身，還為了給世人揭露一條藉由寓言走向成仙的道路而著了一部《南華經》。因此程以寧的目的在於解釋這些寓言和象徵，從而提出他認為唯一能讀懂莊子本意的方式。程以寧的註解作為一個功德所為，除了為提出《莊子》的真義，也為了獲得太上老君的幫助以完成他自己的內丹實踐。

並列關鍵字

程以寧 ； 詮釋學 ； 內丹 ； 明末思想 ； 《莊子》

參考文獻

Ming‧Cheng Yining. 《南華真經注疏》 (Nanhua zhenjing zhushu). Vol. 9,《道藏輯要──牛集》 (Daozang jiyao: Ox Lodge, sections 9-12), (Taipei, Taiwan: Kaozheng Publishing Co., reprint, 1971), 3991-4032.

Ming‧Cheng Yining.《南華真經注疏》 (Nanhua zhenjing zhushu). Vol. 10,《道藏輯要──牛集》 (Daozang jiyao: Ox Lodge, sections 9-12), (Taipei, Taiwan: Kaozheng Publishing Co., reprint, 1971), 4035-4188.

Ming‧Lu Xixing. 《南華真經副墨》 (Nanhua zhenjing fumo), notes and punctuation by Jiang Menma (Beijing, China: Chung Hwa Book Co., Lt., 2010).

Chen Yinghui.〈陰陽丹旨的全身全真：程以寧《南華真經注疏》淺析〉 (The Cultivation and Purification of Body and Mind in the Theory of Yindan and Yangdan-An Analysis of Cheng Yining’s Annotation and Explanation of True Scripture of Southern Florescence), 《鵝湖月刊》 (Legein Monthly), 499 (2017): 26-36.

Eichman, Jennifer. A Late Sixteenth-Century Chinese Buddhist Fellowship: Spiritual Ambitions, Intellectual Debates, and Epistolary Connections (Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill, 2016).