嶗山道始：由空間需求與道德實踐觀點論述金代全真教傳道嶗山之因

全真教的教義不以追求神仙道術、煉製長生之藥為主，因此對於修道的「空間」需求與原始方士、道教不同。環境清幽，能順心修道者便是佳處。此點讓全真教在金元時期迅速拓展，建立道觀時，不必追求「名山」，直捷地在各地建立根據地。而全真教所強調的「真行」較貼近儒家的道德實踐觀點。丘處機在全真教歷史上的最大貢獻在於擴大教團的規模與影響力。首先，蒙古皇室貴族的支持，使得全真教迅速在各地進行擴張。其次，全真教進入嶗山營建宮室，除了與發跡昆崳山有地緣關係外，丘處機等人曾蒞此地修道，也是重要的歷史情感因素。更重要的是自丘處機後，全真教立下「立觀度人，時不可失」的發展策略，是以全真教進駐嶗山，收留戰亂避禍的百姓，這或許是嶗山全真教初期發展之主因。就嶗山道教發展歷史而言，具有開拓之功。

關鍵字

丘處機；全真教；空間需求；道德實踐；嶗山

並列摘要

The study requirement of the whole truth teaching is different from that of the original alchemy and Taoism. It does not require the gods to guide the teaching nor does it have to resort to making the magical drugs. The environment required by Quanzhen Sect is quiet and can be practiced with ease. This allows Quanzhen Sect to quickly expand in the thirteenth century. It did not need to establish religious gatherings in famous mountains but emphasized real action, which is relatively close to the Confucian moral practice. The greatest contribution of Cue Ji Qiu in Quanzhen Sect of the Taoist history is to expand its scale and influence as follows. First, the support of the Mongolian royal family allowed the Quanzhen Sect to expand rapidly in China. Secondly, Quanzhen Sect entered the Laoshan camp to build a palace due to a geographical relationship with its base in Kun-Yu Mountain. Cue Ji Qiu affected Quanzhen Sect to decide to establish a religious place and took advantage of the right timing and opportunity to help civilians in distress. Entering Laoshan with Quanzhen Sect and accepting the people affected by the war is the main reason for the early development of Laoshan Quanzhen Sect. Cue Ji Qiu has pioneered the development history of Taoism in Laoshan.