2018年國際刑事司法互助法制定後境外取得證據的使用與相互承認原則

我國刑事法院在審判時，一旦證據位於國外，以往係透過雙邊協定或者情報交換管道，這個外國的調查結果可否用來作為事實認定的基礎，由於我國刑事訴追機關對於這些證據並無法直接或者按照我國的法定程式調查，取證依外國當地法以及使用所取得的證據按照我國法，假如出現法制上的落差，會碰到侵害被告基本權的質疑。2018年制定的國際刑事司法互助法，境外取證有了雙向的法定連結因素，在境外取證的情形，外國或境外方面根據我方的請求，按照當地的法律調查物證與人證，不過，這樣的調查結果畢竟不是我方刑事訴追公務員按照我國法律所直接取得。按照刑事訴訟法，傳聞法則例外的規定可否適用，作為外國或境外取得的證據使用取得正當化基礎的爭議仍舊存在。本文想參考歐盟的相互承認原則，提出未來修法時應有的取向。

關鍵字

刑事司法互助；境外取證；證據禁止；相互承認原則；互惠原則

並列摘要

When Taiwan's criminal courts is in trial, once the evidence is located in foreign country, they all through bilateral agreements or information exchange obtained this evidence. Can the evidence be used to determine the facts. The Side of Taiwan cannot the evidence directly investigate or investigate according to Taiwan's law. In foreign countries evidence can be obtained only according to foreign law; Taiwan's court uses these evidences in accordance to Taiwan's laws. If there is a difference between Taiwan's and foreign law, there will be a question: will the defendant's rights be violated. In 2018 Taiwan's Congress passed Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act. In the case of the in a foreign country obtained evidence, the foreign country obtains evidence because of Taiwan's request and in accordance with foreign law. However, such evidence is not obtained by Taiwanese police, prosecutors or judges in accordance with Taiwan's laws. According to the Taiwan Criminal Procedure Law, whether the exception to the hearsay rule can be applied is controversial. Due to the principle of mutual recognition, this article will make some suggestions for the future law reform.