漢宣帝立《穀梁》事述說

西漢中葉，漢宣帝立《穀梁》為博士，這是經學史上的一件大事。考慮到《穀梁》流廣不廣，儒者鮮有傳習，為何宣帝主導其事扶持《穀梁》？本文將挑戰以下一個流行成見，即認為宣帝對《穀梁》的支持，不僅是用作一部官方欽定經典，更是「平反」其祖戾太子冤情的一步。於是，戾太子被認為是以《穀梁》為其意識形態的依據，當巫蠱之禍遇害而告終。準此，《穀梁》成為宣帝的象徵性工具，從其書可以找到慰藉，確立宣帝與戾太子之間的聯繫。然而，細心考察《漢書》等敘事，就會發現戾太子在年輕時學習《穀梁》，充其量是宣帝認識《穀梁》的一個靈感來源。《穀梁》和當時其他非官方的學說一樣，得到鼓勵和扶持，是學術包容的政策表現，與戾太子的悲劇沒有多少關係。

關鍵字

漢宣帝；《穀梁》；《春秋》；經學；漢代政治

並列摘要

That Emperor Xuan listed Guliang zhuan as a crucial text in official education during the Mid-Western Han Dynasty is often regarded as a great event in the historical development of Chinese classics studies. Given the limited circulation of Guliang zhuan and the general neglect it suffered in the hands of the Confucian scholars, why did Emperor Xuan marshal such support for the text? This article challenges the received notion, especially prevalent among the historians, that Guliang zhuan was adopted not only as an official classic, but also as a step of redressing the wrongs done to Prince Li, the grandfather of Emperor Xuan. Prince Li adopted Guliang zhuan as the basis of his ideological camp but his enterprise came to an end when he was forced to death in the Witchcraft Incident. According to this view, Guliang zhuan was a comforting symbolic tool to Emperor Xuan that allowed him to establish a link with Prince Li. In examining the narratives of the History of Han, however, one discovers that the fact that young Prince Li studied Guliang zhuan was at most just a remote inspiration Emperor Xuan. Like other texts that were not officially sanctioned at the time, Guliang zhuan was finally encouraged and supported by the government as a result of the policy of academic tolerance, and did not have much to do with the tragedy of Prince Li.