天道、公道、人道：數碼人文視野下中國近代「道」的概念轉型與變遷研究

The Formation and Evolution of ＂Dao＂ Concepts in Modern China through the Lens of Digital Humanities

邱偉雲(CHIU , Wei Yun)

《新亞學報》 37卷 (2020/08) Pp. 427-508

https://doi.org/10.6743/NAJ.202008_37.0011

摘要

「現代性」如何形成，一直是人文學者不斷提問的重要命題。早期國內外學者在此一方面已有不少重要基礎性研究。後來在後現代主義興起下，學者進一步開始反思歐洲中心主義下的現代性概念，分從不同國家／區域的社會文化語境出發，提出多元現代性理論。其中在中國現代性部分，雖已有學者分從政治、經濟、教育乃至衛生等方面提出相關研究，但還是有很大的空間得以繼續發揮與討論。本文在上述大命題下，將以「道」的概念作為考察對象，從中揭示價值觀方面在中國現代性下的轉型與變遷軌跡。為此，本文將以張灝提出的中國近代思想史的轉型時期為研究主要時間段，以「道」的相關概念為研究對象，結合德國概念史家科塞雷克提出的概念史方法，以及目前方興未艾的數碼人文研究法，計算中國近代巨量史料數據，從中得出「道」的概念的意義結構，揭示「道」的概念在長時段中的變遷，最後再從「道」的概念轉型和變遷現象中勾勒出中國現代性的發展軌跡。

關鍵字

道 ； 現代性 ； 轉型時代 ； 概念史 ； 數碼人文

並列摘要

The emergence of modernity has been an enduring critical issue for humanities scholars, giving rise to a significant number of fundamental studies. With the advent of post-modernism, scholars are led to rethink the concept of modernity that springs from Eurocentric thinking and propose ＂multiple modernities＂ that are based on the social and cultural contexts of different countries/regions. Although some studies have been conducted on Chinese modernity from the political, economic, educational and hygienic perspectives, there is room for more delicate analyses and discussions. With this as the premise, this paper will analyze the transformation and the changing trajectory of value under Chinese modernity. To this end, focusing on the years from 1895 to 1925, regarded by Chang Hao as the transitional period of modern Chinese intellectual history, and taking dao-related concepts as the objects of study, this paper will make use of Reinhart Koselleck's (1923-2006) conceptual history and the booming research of digital humanities to compute the structure of meaning of the concept of dao from the massive historical data of modern China. The long-term transformation of the concept of dao will then be revealed, from which this paper will depict the development trajectory of Chinese modernity.

並列關鍵字

dao ； modernity ； transitional Era ； conceptual history ； digital humanities

參考文獻

Schwartz, Benjamin. In Search of Wealth and Power: Yen Fu and the West. Cambridge, Mass,: Harvard University Press, 1964.

Skinner, Quentin. Visions of Politics, vol. I, Regarding Method. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Spiegel, Gabrielle M., ed. Practicing History: New Directions in Historical Writing after the Linguistic Turn. New York: Routledge, 2005.

Spira, Ivo. A Conceptual History of Chinese -Isms: The Modernization of Ideological Discourse, 1895-1925. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

Thorndike, Edward L. Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements. New York : Science Press, 1904.