本文透過黃仲炎《春秋通說》一書的反「褒貶」立場,及其所提出的「書其事即見其罪」說,探究《春秋》學中「以事解經」一派的主張。首先,黃仲炎以諸多內證證明《春秋》並未以筆削來表達褒貶,並認為「褒貶」本身即是一種僭越之舉。但黃仲炎雖反對「褒貶」,卻並不完全反對《春秋》有「例」。因其對《春秋》的預設是由魯史「筆削」而成,則《春秋》必定有「隻字垂法」及「通例」,亦有「內諱」與「為王者諱」幾種書記原則。反「褒貶」之外,黃仲炎另外提出了讀《春秋》的方法:《春秋》「書其事即見其罪」,後人可從事上去尋求《經》中人物的是非對錯,此即是「以事解經」的解經方式。然細究《春秋通說》一書可以發現,主張「以事解經」者仍會碰到幾個困難:三《傳》有時皆未掌握比《經》文更詳細的史料,無法有完整的事可供參酌,而即便參酌《左傳》豐富的敘事,仍可能對事有不同的判斷,甚至《春秋通說》中也有對三《傳》之事皆不信的例子,此是「書其事即見其罪」的主張所衍生出的問題。黃仲炎《春秋通說》的立場與朱熹一脈相承,見解亦相當接近。然而朱熹並未有完整的《春秋》注解,但透過黃仲炎之書,正可具體地發現朱熹在《春秋》學中所引起的新的解經風氣,及其後學在實踐朱熹所提出的解經方法時所遭遇的矛盾,這便是黃仲炎《春秋通說》一書的價值所在。
This essay mainly research the Canon-interpretation of the Chunqiu in the academic field through Huang Zhong-yan's Chunqiu Tong Shuo. Huang tried to prove which Chunqiu have never convey the meaning of "bao bian" (appraisal) by using numerous internal text. In addition, Huang regarded "bao bian" (appraisal) as an assuming behavior. Furthermore, Huang proposed the method of reading Chunqiu, which is named as "Fact-Centered Interpretation". By that, the posterity could recognize right or wrong of the character of Chunqiu. However, who advocate "Fact-Centered Interpretation" may put themselve into a dilemma. So, in conclusion, this thesis consider that the value of Huang's Chunqiu Tong Shuo is realization which the change of a new interpretation from Zhu Xi and the difficulty of practicing the method of the new interpretation.
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