略論五乘佛教的教育次第

Buddhism Education Sequential Study

孫勁松(Sun Jinsong)

《人間佛教研究》 4期 (2013/12) Pp. 51-71

摘要

五乘佛教是佛教教育的完整體系，其根本在於大乘佛法的唯識中道義。五性眾生之中，對於具備大乘根器的眾生，一般應從人、天乘佛教修習入門，修習福德資糧，淡化或斷除對財色名食睡的貪愛。而後根據聲聞、緣覺法的教義觀行五蘊十八界之空相，斷除我見，證得聲聞初果、二果乃至三果；再由此轉入大乘法，在五蘊十八界空相的基礎上探究真心第八識，再按照見道位、修習位的次第進修，達到究竟位。五乘佛教的教育次第是原則性的，在佛教教育的具體實踐中，又因眾生學佛時劫長短、根器差異、煩惱習氣多少、是否有胎昧等因素，而產生千差萬別的教化法門。

關鍵字

五乘 ； 佛教 ； 教育次第

並列摘要

The five vehicles is a complete education system of Buddhism whose fundamental essence is Yogācāra Middle Way of Mahāyāna Buddhism. For the sentient beings who have the Mahāyāna endowment, they usually start from human and deva vehicles to accumulate blessings, reduce or eliminate the greed for wealth, sex, reputation, food and sleep. Thereafter, they practice vipassanā of the emptiness of five skandhas and eighteen spheres according to the doctrine of śrāvaka and pratyekabuddha, to eliminate the self-view and egocentrism, obtain the initial achievement (the stage of śrota-āpanna) level, the second ＂once returner＂ (sakrdāgāmin) and the ＂non-returner＂ of śrāvaka; and then turn to study Mahāyāna to explore the true mind, the eighth conciousness on the basis of emptiness of the five skandhas and the eighteen spheres, and then further practice through the path of seeing (darśana-mārga) and the practice stage, eventually achieve the supreme stage (that of buddhahood). The education sequence of the five vehicles has its principle, however in practice, there are a variety of education means due to the difference of the sentient beings.

並列關鍵字

the five vehicles ； Buddhism ； education sequence