當代佛寺的社會教育功能及影響

The Social Educational Functions and Influences of Contemporary Temples

李華偉(LI Huawei) ； 姜乃菡(JIANG Naihan) ； 陳映錦(CHEN Yingjin) ； 余莉(YU Li) ； 王寶明(WANG Baoming)

《人間佛教研究》 5期 (2013/12) Pp. 169-212

摘要

作為僧團載體的佛寺，在中國歷史中曾發揮過重要的文化功能，它不僅僅提供給佛教僧眾修行的空間，還提供給大眾接受教育、進行學術和文化活動的場所。當今佛教，秉著回報社會的一貫宗旨，為繼承此傳統，探索了夏令營、佛教藝術體驗班、高校合作學術研究等多種適應現代的教育形式，以補充社會教育，助益於和諧社會的建設。但此一趨勢目前尚處於創始階段，勢必須要對已有的形式作科學的調研和評價，對未來的發展給予一定的理論支持和理性設計。通過調研，我們從宗教社會學的視角提出四個問題並加以分析。我們認為，當代佛教的社會教育活動，是有其社會學意義上的深層動力機制的；其與社會互動的類型、內容與方式，在歷史進展中有延續也有變化；其前進方向，主要在傳統文化與道德的提供。而在互動過程中，社會也對佛寺行為有著反作用，造成地域間佛寺教育活動發展的不平衡，以及部分佛寺文化活動的世俗化。最後，對佛寺社會教育活動的消極意義進行了分析。

關鍵字

佛寺 ； 社會教育 ； 宗教社會學 ； 文化 ； 道德

並列摘要

The Buddhist temple, as a saṅgha carrier, has played an important cultural role in Chinese history. It is a place not only for Buddhist monks to practice, but also for the public to receive education and participate in academic and cultural activities. Rewarding the society has been the consistent objective of contemporary Buddhism. To inherit this tradition, it explores various forms of social education that adapt to modern needs: summer camps, Buddhist art experience classes, collaboration with colleges and universities and so on, so as to help constructing a harmonious society. However, this trend is still in the initial stage and we certainly have to carry out scientific research and commentary on its existing form, in order to offer certain theoretical support and rational devices for future development. In our research, we put forward four issues from the sociological perspective on religion. In our view, contemporary Buddhist social education activities reveal an in-depth dynamic mechanism in the sociological sense; regarding the mode, content and manner of social interaction, there are continuities and changes in history that offer support to traditional cultures and morals. In the interactive process, the society also reacts to Buddhist acts, causing regional imbalance in the development of Buddhist temples' education activities, and secularization of their cultural activities. Finally, we analyze the negative aspects of the social education activities organized by Buddhist temples.

並列關鍵字

Buddhist temple ； social education ； sociology of religion ； culture ； morality