Advocated by Master Ouyi of late Ming dynasty and propagated with every effort by Master Yinguang, the proposition of "rebirth in the Pure Land by belief and will" became very popular and influential. Master Shoupei disagreed and advanced a new idea: "rebirth in the Pure Land solely by chanting the name of Amitābha wholeheartedly." This triggered off a fierce debate, with Yinguang and Lay Buddhist Wang Jingzhou in one camp and Shoupei in the other. The debate reveals the disagreement on the interpretations of doctrine of Mindfulness of the Buddha between the Chan Sect and the Pure Land School in the Buddhist history of modern China. Both interpretations are bound to be one-sided. Referring to the words and deeds of ancient Pure Land masters, this article demonstrates that belief, will and practice-still indispensable by now- are three integral parts of the Pure Land teaching.
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