「抉擇」與「傳承」：印順和聖嚴對於「中國佛教」的兩種立場

Differentiation and Inheritance: A Comparison between Yin Shun and Sheng Yen on Chinese Buddhism

林建德(Chien-Te Lin)

《人間佛教研究》 7期 (2016/12) Pp. 177-212

摘要

近現代中國佛教的改革運動，從太虛法師主張「人生佛教」開始，呼應並接續此潮流者不乏其人；當中印順法師和聖嚴法師是備受矚目的人物。本文即試著就兩人思想的異同，特別是差異的部份，進行分析和探討；其中又以中國佛教的立場為參照、對比的重點。首先介紹印順與聖嚴兩人生前在文字和思想上的互動因緣；其次，論述兩位法師對近現代中國佛教的危機及挑戰所表達之看法；第三，以抉擇純正法義，來論述印順的佛教觀點；第四，相對於印順重於純正法義之抉擇，聖嚴則重於傳承中國佛教之宗門法脈；第五，兩位法師對於中國佛教抉擇與傳承間的差異，本文提出可省思的方向，包括對中國佛教思想不同的判定、對禪宗不同的評價、宗派的觀點及「人間佛教」定位的差異等。印順與聖嚴雖然對中國佛教的立場未必一致，但兩人仍有諸多共識，如振興中國佛教、著重阿含之法義基礎、強調大乘菩薩精神等。儘管兩人分別於2005年及2009年圓寂，但他們對中國佛教復興的理想、人生暨人間佛教的闡揚，以及佛教義理的廣泛論述等，將持續對華人佛教產生深遠影響。

關鍵字

印順 ； 聖嚴 ； 中國（漢傳）佛教 ； 人間佛教 ； 禪佛教

並列摘要

In Modern Chinese Buddhism, Master Tai Xu was the first who advocated the Life Buddhism. This reform movement has become a trend, echoed by many followers. Among them, Master Yin Shun and Master Sheng Yen are the two high-profile figures. In this paper I try to present similarities and differences between them, particularly about their positions on the Chinese Buddhism. First, I will introduce communication through writings between the two masters. Second, I will discuss their views on the crisis and challenges of Modern Chinese Buddhism. Third, I will show that the main concern of Yin Shun is to identify the authentic teachings of the Buddha. Fourth, differing from Yin Shun's approach, Sheng Yen emphasizes on the importance of the lineage of Chinese Buddhism. Regarding their differences, finally I propose some possible reflective topics, including the identification of the philosophy of Chinese Buddhism, the evaluations of Chan Buddhism, their standpoints on Humanistic Buddhism, etc. Although their positions on Chinese Buddhism are different, there is still a consensus between them, such as pursuing the revival of Chinese Buddhism, stressing the foundational teachings of the āgamas, emphasizing the spirit of Mahayana Buddhism, and so forth. They both passed away in 2005 and 2009, but their ideas on the innovation of Chinese Buddhism, the propagation of Life and Humanistic Buddhism, and the discussion of Buddhist philosophies will continue to have impacts on the development of Chinese Buddhism.

並列關鍵字

Yin Shun ； Sheng Yen ； Chinese Buddhism ； Humanistic Buddhism ； Chan Buddhism