「知識佛教」與馬來西亞華人佛教的轉型

從中國南來的移民，將信仰帶入馬來亞，這當中包括了佛教信仰。但，初期傳入的佛教，並非正信佛教，乃屬於結合了釋儒道三家的綜攝性民間信仰傳統。除了民間信仰傳統，也有中國南方，尤其是閩南一帶的齋堂傳統。進入二十世紀，尤其是檳城極樂寺創建後，被認為是馬來亞「知識佛教」的開始。從這時期開始，更多的知識僧移居馬來亞，也有許多有識的居士，積極推廣佛教的發展，為馬來西亞華人佛教的轉型奠定深厚的基礎。國內宗教環境，經濟發展，政治局勢等，也成為知識佛教形成的因緣，進一步的從知識方面，為佛教的轉型提供了有利的條件。知識佛教的形成，不但對當時的佛教產生極大的影響，其影響更延續到獨立後的佛教發展，對馬來西亞華人佛教的變化與轉型有積極的意義。本文將從宏觀的角度討論知識佛教如何促成馬來西亞華人佛教的轉型。

關鍵字

移民；華人佛教；知識佛教；竺摩法師；極樂寺

並列摘要

Immigrants from South China brought their faith together into Malaya, including Buddhism. However, the initial introduction of Buddhism, was not the orthodox Buddhism, but was merely syncretism folk belief which synthesized Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. In addition to the syncretism folk belief, there was also the tradition of Zhaitang in Southern China, especially in Minnan area. Entering the 20th century, especially after the foundation of Kek Lok Si in Penang, was considered to be the beginning of the ＂Intellectual Buddhism＂ of Malaya. From this period, more knowledgeable monks moved to Malaya. There were also many knowledgeable laypersons, actively promoted the development of Buddhism. All these helped to lay a strong foundation for the transformation of Chinese Buddhism in Malaysia. The domestic religious environment, economic development and political situation have contributed to the cause for the formation of Intellectual Buddhism, and provided favorable conditions to transform Chinese Buddhism further. The formation of Intellectual Buddhism not only had a great influence on Buddhism at that time, but its influence continued even after independence, which was of positive significance to the change and transformation of Chinese Buddhism in Malaysia. This paper will discuss how intellectual Buddhism can lead to the transformation of Chinese Buddhism in Malaysia from a macro perspective.

並列關鍵字

immigrants ； Chinese Buddhism ； Intellectual Buddhism ； Ven. Zhumo ； Kek Lok Si

國際替代計量

「知識佛教」與馬來西亞華人佛教的轉型

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