「太清金液神丹經」（卷下）與南海地理

The ＂T'ai-ch'ing chin-i shen-tan ching＂ and Southern Ocean Geography

饒宗頤(JAO TSUNG-I)

《中國文化研究所學報》 3卷1期 (1970/09) Pp. 31-76

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.197009_3(1).0016

並列摘要

The Taoist text Tai-ch'ing chin-i shen-tan ching (道藏 Vol. 582) is mentioned in the I-Wen Chih of Sung Shih (宋史藝文志). It deals with alchemic procedures. The preface discusses the Tao and explains the effect of the Chin-tan (金丹), elixir. The work consists of three volumes. The third volume is alleged to have been narrated by Ko Hung (葛洪), who is supposed to have visited distant and foreign lands from Fu-nan to India, Parthia and Ta Ch'in (Eastern Rome). There is, however, no evidence of Ko Hung's visit to these foreign countries in his biography in Chin-Shu (晉書). We only know that he did stay about ten years in the Southern region of China during his second visit to Kwangtung from 331 to 343 A.D. It is possible that he might have travelled as far as Fu-nan in these twelve years. No source indicates the date of this work, but according to the rhyme system employed in some passages of the work, it is probable that it was composed not later than the Sung and Liang Dynasty (about the fifth century). The purpose of the present paper is to stress the value of this work for historical geographical studies of Southeast Asia and to try to solve some problems connected with these studies. 1. A detailed description of the records regarding the distances between different countries is given. This shows that the records preserve some earlier geographical information which is more useful than the fragments taken from the works of K'an T'ai and Wang Chên's work, although most of it was in fact derived from these works. 2. A textual criticism could be done according to the variants of the names of country appearing in each passage as well as repeated in other sources. For example, 與遊 should be 典遜, 優鈸 should be 優錢. 3. The locality of names of country could be identified through the interpretation of a place name given in the text itself. For example, Tu Po (should be Shê Po) is the name of Java (杜[社]薄, 闍婆國名也). 4. The date of this work can be traced in the manner in which places were named. For example, the name Yopo (葉波) shows that it must have appeared before the time of her extermination by the Hephthalites, thereafter it is known as Gandhara (5th century). The Ming manuscript of the T'ai-Ch'ing Chin-I Shen-Tan Ching preserved formerly in T'ien-I Ko (天一閣), is now kept in the Fung-Ping-Shan Library, University of Hong Kong, and is used for the task of textual criticism in this paper.