The Prehistory of Ximingsi: Anecdotes and Imaginaire of Chang'an Buddhism

西明寺前史：長安佛教的軼聞與想像

王翔(Wang Xiang)

《禪與人類文明研究》 1期 (2016/12) Pp. 113-144

摘要

Presented in the cultural context of medieval Chang'an city and the broader network of Sino-Japanese Buddhism, the article provides, for the first time, a study on the prehistory of the celebrated Ximingsi Temple from the decline of the Sui Dynasty to the rise of the Tang Empire. During this transitional period, the founding myth of the monastery was connected to an imposing residence predating Ximingsi. Through the lens of historical sources, Buddhist corpus and imaginative literature, this essay examines the accounts of the three noble householders, general Yang Su, princess Wanchun and prince Li Tai. Their stories and the anecdotal history were told and retold by fiction writers, medieval bards and commoners of the metropolis, opening a window into the public memory of Ximingsi across Asia. This is particularly evident in the case of Yang Su, whose obnoxious image was recreated and sugared by the Ximingsi abbot Daoxuan and other Buddhist saints in their writings centering on the early Buddho-Daoist debates. The tale of the ＂broken mirror,＂ which was the most famous anecdote associated with Yang Su and his residence, eventually took on a life of its own. Mentioned in the corpus of Zen canon and Japanese literature, the story preserves traces of reality regarding Ximingsi, even if distorted through transmission throughout the ages.

關鍵字

Chang'an ； Li Tai ； Ximingsi ； Yang Su ； yōkyoku

並列摘要

中古中國隋唐長安城的眾多佛寺中，西明寺是首屈一指的國家大寺和國際佛學中心。作為西明寺研究的一部分，本文的切入點是被學者所忽視的西明寺前史，也就是寺院的前身從隋末到唐初的曲折變遷。在這一轉型時期，與後來崛起的西明寺有關的緣起和傳說都指向了隋朝權臣楊素的官邸。本文梳理了和這所幾經興廢的宅邸相關的歷史記載和佛教文獻，通過楊素、萬春公主和魏王李泰的人生起落，追溯了這所宅院三易其手的過程。同時，這幾位權貴的舊聞也逐漸演變為長安的井市傳說，成為有關西明寺的文化想像的組成部分。和楊素有關的軼聞，比如「破鏡重圓」的故事，也終於自成一體，不僅在漢語文獻中廣為流傳，也進入了禪宗的語錄和日本的文化圈。因此，有關西明寺前史的探討，不光揭示了古典時代中日文化的交融，同時也為西明寺研究的深入展開奠定了基礎。

並列關鍵字

長安 ； 李泰 ； 西明寺 ； 楊素 ； 謠曲