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滿文本《維摩經‧佛國品》偈頌之繙譯研究-兼與蒙古文本比較

A Study of the Verses in the First Chapter of the Manchu Version of the Vimalakirtinirdesa with Reference to the Mongolian version

摘要


本文在前文〈《滿文大藏經‧維摩經》之繙譯考察及繙譯特色-以〈文殊師利問疾品〉、〈不思議品〉為中心〉的基礎上,進一步以〈佛國品〉偈頌為中心,發掘滿文譯本的特色。分析滿文佛經的偈頌,除了可了解不同於散文體裁的差異性,也可以藉之考察其繙譯考量及底本。滿譯本〈佛國品〉讚佛偈用「頭韻」,表達了滿文詩句的風格,並透過句首選詞及添加詞的方式,整齊頭韻,如此一來一方面傳達義理,同時展示其文學風格,誦讀效果較散文更為順暢,進而又達到分段目的。滿文讚佛偈使用相同的頭韻表示分段,有的對應漢譯本四句,也有六句、八句者;此外,少數詞首的梵語詞,也應是為了頭韻效果的選用字,並非為了對應蒙、藏譯本;故可確知僅見於《滿文大藏經》的滿文《維摩經》和乾隆年間初刊的《漢文大藏經.維摩詰所說經》,即《龍藏》本,是同一個文本系統。

並列摘要


Working on the basis of my previous article, "A Study of the Translation of the Manchu Version of the Vimalakirtinirdesa centered on Chapters 5 and 6, 'Manjuśsri's Condolence Visit' and 'The Inconceivable Liberation,'" the present article further explores the verses in chapter 1 ("Buddha Land") of the Manchu version of the Vimalakirtinirdesa. An analysis of those verses shows differences in content from the prose sections, and provides information about the source text of the Manchu translation. The verses employ the literary device of alliteration, with the first word of each stanza selected or added to create alliteration. In this way, the verses not only convey the meaning of the teaching, but also express literary style, facilitate the oral recitation of the text, and achieve the purpose of breaking down the verses into groups of stanzas. Each Manchu verse with the same alliteration corresponds to four-, six-, or eight-stanza verses in the Chinese source text. In addition, the fact that Sanskrit terms were used at the beginnings of some stanzas indicates that they were chosen for the alliteration which do not correspond to the Mongolian and Tibetan versions. Therefore, it is certain that the Manchu version, which only exists in Manchu Buddhist Canon, and its Chinese source text, the so-called Qianlong Tripitaka, or Longzang (edited during the early Qianlong reign) belong to the same textual system.

參考文獻


中國第一歷史檔案館、雍和宮管理處合編,2004,《清代雍和宮檔案史料》冊9,北京:中國民族攝影藝術出版社。
林士鉉,2009,《清代蒙古與滿洲政治文化》,臺北:國立政治大學歷史學系。
林士鉉,2016,〈《滿文大藏經‧維摩經》之繙譯考察及繙譯特色──以〈文殊師利問疾品〉、〈不思議品〉為中心〉,《佛光學報》2:2,頁123-188。
林士鉉,2016 ,〈四譯而為滿洲──五臺山與清乾隆年間的滿文佛經繙譯〉,釋妙江主編《一山而五頂:多學科、跨方域、超文化視野下的五台信仰研究》,臺北:新文豐出版股份有限公司,2017,頁213-247。
林純瑜,2001,《龍藏‧維摩詰所說經考》,臺北:法鼓文化事業股份有限公司。

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