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十八世紀初巴黎外方傳教士顏璫《中國宗教四論》手稿論佛教

Discourse on Buddhism in the manuscript Religione Sinica (early Eigteenth century) by Charles Maigrot, MEP

摘要


在中國,羅明堅、利瑪竇等耶穌會士首次向歐洲介紹中國宗教的歷史及教理。在十八世紀初,在禮儀之爭的背景之下,巴黎外方傳教士顏璫撰寫了龐大的《中國宗教四論》手稿,其中小部分陳述中國佛教的歷史及教理。與耶穌會士對佛教的概括性論述不同,顏璫翻譯了中文材料,不過,他並沒有直接翻譯佛經,而是翻譯宋明儒家作者對佛教的論述。本文介紹顏璫所使用的材料,並且分析他如何主要接受清朝儒家對佛教的徹底批判,卻在輪迴回報問題上站在佛教的立場上。如此,顏璫的論述表明了天主教對佛教的複雜態度。

關鍵字

顏璫 熊賜履 無神論 善惡報應

並列摘要


Michele Ruggieri, Matteo Ricci and other Jesuits were the first to present the history and teaching of Buddhism to Europeans. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, when the Rites Controversy was at its height, Charles Maigrot wrote a voluminous manuscript, De Sinica Religione Dissertationes quatuor, containing a short section describing the history and doctrine of Chinese Buddhism. Unlike the summary treatment of Buddhism by the Jesuits, Maigrot translated Chinese materials. However, he did not directly translate Chinese sutras, but Confucian texts of the Song and Ming dynasties that discuss Buddhism. This paper presents the materials used by Maigrot and analyzes how he accepted the radical criticism of Qing Confucianism against Buddhism, and yet, on the question of moral retribution, Maigrot stood on the side of Buddhism. His discourse shows the complexity of the Catholic position on Buddhism.

參考文獻


《楞伽經》,CBETA, T16, no. 670。
《四十二章經》,CBETA, T17, no. 784。
《大佛頂如來密因修證了義諸菩薩萬行首楞嚴經》,CBETA, T19, no. 945。
《景德傳燈錄》,CBETA, T51, no. 2076。
《續古今譯經圖紀》,CBETA, T55, no. 2152。

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