Mad but not Chan: Tu Long (1543-1605) and the Tiantai School of Buddhism

狂而非禪：屠隆與天台宗

陳朗(CHEN, Lang)

《佛光學報》 新5卷2期 (2019/07) Pp. 221-260

摘要

This article focuses on the relationship between the controversial late-Ming playwright Tu Long and the contemporaneous Tiantai school of Buddhism represented by Youxi Chuandeng. It aims to contribute on the one hand to studies of Tu Long, which have paid little attention to Tu's connection with Tiantai, and on the other hand to studies of Chuandeng and the late Ming Tiantai revival, which have not yet explored the nexus between Chuandeng's philosophical teachings and his social network. I argue that it is most likely through Tiantai Buddhism, rather than ＂mad Chan＂ or Yangming philosophy, that Tu justified his antinomian deeds. This case study of Tu Long indicates that the success of the Tiantai school in the late Ming may be attributed to its fulfillment of the literati appetite for reading and writing, as well as to its tolerance of their unconventional lifestyle and syncretic spirituality. Unveiling some disagreements between Tu and Yunqi Zhuhong, whom many regard as Tu's guru, this paper highlights the agency of a lay Buddhist amid the tensions between rival schools and teachers.

關鍵字

Tiantai ； Tu Long ； late Ming ； network ； Chuandeng ； Zhuhong ； Inherent Inclusion in the Nature

並列摘要

晚明戲劇家屠隆和佛教天台宗的關係很少被學者論及，而目前對於晚明天台宗的研究也尚未將天台教理和其社會網絡結合起來進行考察。本文聚焦屠隆和晚明天台宗的重要僧人幽溪傳燈的互動，力圖揭示天台教理對屠隆的影響，同時將屠隆作為一個個案，管窺當時天台宗在僧人和士大夫中受到歡迎或引起爭議的原因。雲棲祩宏常常被以為是屠隆的唯一佛教導師，但本文亦會展現屠隆和祩宏之間微妙的思想差異，從而探討這一時期士紳居士和不同宗派高僧之間的互動模式。

並列關鍵字

天台宗 ； 屠隆 ； 晚明 ； 網絡 ； 傳燈 ； 祩宏 ； 性具

參考文獻

Chuandeng 傳燈. Tiantai chuan Foxinyin ji zhu 天台傳佛心印記註. In X57, no. 969.

Chuandeng 傳燈. Tiantaishan fangwaizhi 天台山方外志. CBETA, GA88-90, no. 89.

Chuandeng 傳燈. Xing shan’e lun 性善惡論. CBETA, X57, no. 970.

Chuandeng 傳燈. 1985. Youxi biezhi 幽溪別志 In Zhongguo fojiao sizhi huikan 中國佛教寺志彙刊. Ed. Du Jiexiang 杜潔祥, vol.11-12. Taipei: Danqing tushu chubanshe 丹青圖書出版社.

Chuandeng 傳燈. 2015. Youxi wenji 幽溪文集. In Quzhou wenxian jicheng 衢州文獻集成 vol. 117. Beijing: Guojia tushuguan chubanshe 國家圖書館出版社.