從「龍子」到「舍利」－萬曆二十年紫柏真可的努力和局限

萬曆二十年時，高僧紫柏真可告別禪悅老友陸光祖後，從五臺山出發赴京西潭柘寺與房山石經山等京郊佛教名剎，送潭柘「龍子」之外，還向內宮進獻「拜磚」、「舍利」等寶物。高僧法友憨山德清此時亦赴京師，兩人相會於石經山中，對談良久。這一系列舉動背後，頗有深意，卻一直被學界所忽略。紫柏、憨山二位高僧在這年寫下多篇實錄文字，可供考訂本事；行文之中，包括「龍子」與「舍利」在內的多個關鍵詞，成為考察此年紫柏赴京動機的。通過對高僧敘述中所涉及古今典故的考察，可以發現紫柏大師希望隱晦地表達出自己刊刻方冊大藏經《嘉興藏》的境況、決心甚至是無奈。儘管材料有限，但學界依然一致認為萬曆二十年是《嘉興藏》刊刻最艱苦的年份，五臺山刻經場被迫終止，刻經活動南遷。而通過解讀紫柏是年的多篇文字，無疑將有助於補充學界對刻經事業的認識。本文將考察紫柏當年所作文字中涉及到的人物、背景及暗含的機緣，還原萬曆二十年前後，《嘉興藏》刊刻事業遇到過的困擾，討論最終放棄五臺山經場背後的深層原因。

關鍵字

潭柘寺；龍子；石經山；舍利；紫柏真可

並列摘要

In the 20th year of the Wanli period (A. D. 1592), the eminent monk Zibo Zhenke bade farewell to his old friend Lu Guangzu, and proceeded from Wutai Mountain to Beijing, where he visited Buddhist sites including Tanzhe Temple and Shijing shan in Fangshan. He gave Tanzhe temple the gift of a longzi 龍子, and offered blessing tiles, relics, and other treasures to the queen in the court. His friend, the eminent monk Hanshan Deqing, was also visiting the capital at this time. The two met at Shijing shan and had a long conversation. These events, which have been ignored by scholars, are very important. That year, both Zibo and Hanshan wrote numerous texts of a documentary nature that confirm these events. These texts, which contain the key terms ＂longzi＂ and ＂relics,＂ describe Zibo's motives for going to the capital that year. Through an investigation of ancient and modern allusions in these texts, the author has found that the master Zibo indirectly presents information about the progress of his Jiaxing canon as well as his determination to continue working on it. Despite the limited amount of materials, scholars agree that Wanli 20 was the most difficult year for the publication of the Jiaxing canon: its carving and printing center in Wutaishan was forced to shut down, and publishing operations moved southward. By examining Zibo's many writings from that year, light can be shed on his project to reprint the canon. This article examines the important figures, their backgrounds, and the indirectly expressed motivations found in Zibo's writings. It restores the events of Wanli 20, identifying the problems encountered in the publication of Jiaxing canon, and discussing the reasons underlying the abandoning of the Wutaishan publishing center.