《華嚴經》四十卷本中的勇猛菩薩行－兼參八十卷本〈離世間品〉

The Vigorous Practice of the Bodhisattva in the Forty-Fascicle Huayan Jing with Reference to the Chapter on the ＂Other-worldly＂ in the Eighty- Fascicle Huayan Jing

張文玲(Wen-ling Chang)

《法鼓佛學學報》 12期 (2013/06) Pp. 85-143

https://doi.org/10.6889/DDJBS.201306_(12).0003

摘要

本文分析歸納「勇猛」一詞的意含為：勇敢、強健、堅毅、剛決堅固、無所怯劣、有大勢力、不退、無畏、自在、精進。在比對數段由Vaidya所校現存尼泊爾之梵本Gandavyuhasutra與漢譯《華嚴經》之結果後顯示：一、《華嚴經》四十卷本中，長達六頁有關甘露火王之內外德之經文，可說是結合佛教轉輪聖王與漢文化仁王賢君之思想呈現，這段經文在梵本以及其他漢譯中皆找不到相對應之段落，是四十卷本所特有。這表示，般若翻譯《華嚴經》四十卷本時所依據之梵本，與流傳到二十世紀，Vaidya校勘之Gandavyuhasutra，應為不同之版本。二、「精進」與「勇猛」常見並用為「勇猛精進」之因，可能是為了兼顧梵、漢文不同的語意與表達方式。梵文virya之原意為：勇氣、強壯、英雄行為（即「勇猛」之意），而漢譯佛典中之「精進」常表努力精勤修學善法。「勇猛精進」一詞才能完整表達以無比勇健的心行精勤修學諸菩薩行。

關鍵字

勇猛 ； 精進 ； Gandavyuhasutra ； virya

並列摘要

This article analyzes the implication of the concept ＂vigor＂ 勇猛 and concludes that the term implies, brave, strong, perseverant, resolute and steadfast, fearless, endowed with great strength, non-retrogressing, dauntless, unconstrained ability, and zealous. After comparing the extant Sanskrit Gandavyuhasutra found in Nepal and edited by Vaidya with the Chinese Huayan Jing of various translations, we conclude that: 1. The passages found in the Forty-Fascicle Huayan Jing containing the description of the inner and outer virtues of the Lord of Nectar show a combination of the Buddhist idea of the Wheel-turning Monarch and the Chinese idea of a benevolent emperor. These passages were not found in either the Sanskrit version or the other Chinese translations of the Huayan Jing. This indicates that the original Sanskrit version on which the Forty-Fascicle translated by Prajna is based is a different text from the extant Vaidya edition. 2. The terms ＂zealousness＂ 精進 and ＂vigor＂勇猛 in the text were often used as a compound ＂valor-effort＂ 精進勇猛. The frequent use of this compound in the Huayan Jing suggests the translator took both Sanskrit and Chinese into consideration. The Sanskrit word ＂virya＂ (which means ＂vigor＂ 勇猛) literally means brevity, strength, and heroic deeds (which means ＂vigor＂ 勇猛). On the other hand, in the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures, the term ＂zealous＂ 精進 often signifies ＂exerting oneself zealously in cultivating wholesome qualities.＂ Thus, the compound ＂vigor-zealousness＂ 勇猛精進 is used as a complete expression for demonstrating the highest vigorous mind in zealously learning and cultivating the Bodhisattva practice.

並列關鍵字

vigor ； zealousness ； Gandavyuhasutra ； virya

參考文獻

張文玲(2008)。中亞西半部七世紀前後佛教藝術風貌。法鼓佛教學報。3，107-109。

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