以不空如來藏為骨幹理解諸佛如來誕生宣言

＂The Tathagata Within in Terms of Not-emptiness＂ as a Framework for Understanding the Buddha's Declaration at the Time of Birth

蔡耀明(Yao-ming Tsai)

《法鼓佛學學報》 18期 (2016/06) Pp. 83-129

https://doi.org/10.6889/DDJBS.201606_(18).0003

摘要

本文整理與解讀諸佛如來在最後生的誕生宣言有關的記載，以此為背景，拉出一條詮釋的骨幹，以「不空如來藏」（asunya-tathagata-garbha）為學理暨實修的切要參考，提供諸佛如來誕生宣言可予以逐步理解的環節。在論述的行文，由如下的七節串連而成。第一節，「緒論」，開門見山，帶出研究主題，並且逐一交代論文的構想與輪廓。第二節，扼要解說諸佛如來誕生宣言，並且指出，「空如來藏」（sunya-tathagata-garbha）與「不空如來藏」，搭配著「波羅蜜多」、「世界尊上」、「無所畏懼」、「獅子吼」，將可形成一組打頭陣的架構，便於貼切地理解諸佛如來誕生宣言之所以然。第三節，以《大般若波羅蜜多經．第二會》、《如來藏經》、《入楞伽經》、《密嚴經》為依據，透過四個面向，亦即菩提道的修行格局廣大、歷時長久、全盤處理阿賴耶識、以及全方位實現為菩提道果位之如來，論陳如來藏何以可做為指引菩提道修行的一個關鍵概念。第四節，以〈空性小經〉與《解深密經》為依據，著眼於修行理路的施設，討論空與不空之標示的要義，藉以打下一道基礎，有助於進而探討如來藏概念之空的一面與不空的一面。第五節，以《勝鬘夫人經》為依據，將如來法身、如來藏、煩惱之覆藏施設為一組指引視野的概念架構，界說空如來藏與不空如來藏，探討空如來藏與不空如來藏何以提出的實踐導向的生命哲理。第六節，著眼於不空如來藏，搭配《大般若波羅蜜多經．第二會．修治地品》，以理解諸佛如來誕生宣言。第七節，「結論」，總結本文的要點。

關鍵字

誕生宣言 ； 最後生菩薩 ； 空如來藏 ； 不空如來藏 ； 勝鬘夫人

並列摘要

This paper surveys and interprets textual sources about the Buddha's declaration at the time of his birth in his final rebirth. Based on this textual study, this paper endeavors to interpret the Buddha's declaration at the time of birth especially from the perspective of ＂the Tathagata Within in terms of not-emptiness.＂ This paper is divided into seven sections. Section one offers a broad outline of this paper's argument and a breakdown of its individual sections. Section two briefly explains what is meant by the phrase ＂the Buddha's declaration at the time of birth＂ and proposes an interpretative framework composed of the following key ideas: ＂the Tathagata Within in terms of emptiness,＂ ＂the Tathagata Within in terms of not-emptiness,＂ ＂paramita,＂ ＂making the world's foremost achievement,＂ ＂fearlessness,＂ and ＂lion's roar.＂ Based on the Panca-vimsati-sahasrika Prajnaparamita, Tathagata-garbha-sutra, the Lankavatara-sutra, and the Ghana-vyuha-sutra, section three demonstrates how tathagata-garbha can be a key concept in guiding the practices along the path to enlightenment through four factors, i.e., practices on a broad scale, long-term commitment to practices, comprehensively dealing with alaya-vijnana, and thoroughly making Tathagata a reality. Drawing from several passages of the Cula-sunnata-sutta and Samdhi-nirmocana-sutra, section four elucidates a dynamic process involving both designators of emptiness and not-emptiness conducive to a better understanding of the functioning of the whole concept of tathagata-garbha. Section five employs the Sri-mala-devi-simha-nada-nirdesa as the main literary source to define and discuss ＂the Tathagata Within in terms of emptiness＂ and ＂the Tathagata Within in terms of not-emptiness＂ with a focus on a praxis-oriented philosophy of life. Section six explicates and contextualizes the Buddha's declaration at the time of birth from the angle of ＂the Tathagata Within in terms of not-emptiness.＂ Section seven concludes and summarizes the main points of this paper.

並列關鍵字

declaration at the time of birth ； the last & final rebirth of a Bodhisattva ； the Tathagata Within in terms of emptiness ； the Tathagata Within in terms of not-emptiness ； Sri-mala-devi

參考文獻

蔡耀明(2010)。《入楞伽經》的心身不二的實相學說：從排除障礙的一面著手。法鼓佛學學報。6，57-114。

Analayo, Bhikkhu(2009).The Lion's Roar in Early Buddhism: A Study Based on the Ekottarika-āgama Parallel to the Cūḷasīhanāda-sutta.Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal.22,3-24.

蔡耀明(2009)。一法界的世界觀、住地考察、包容說：以《不增不減經》為依據的共生同成理念。臺大佛學研究。17，1-48。

蔡耀明(2004)。《佛說不增不減經》「眾生界不增不減」的修學義理：由眾生界、法界、法身到如來藏的理路開展。臺灣大學哲學論評。28，89-155。

《大正新脩大藏經》，東京：大藏經刊行會，1924-1935。