The aim of this article is to explore the 9,873 files of archives, created by Ministry of Education of Republic of China during 1912-1949, and quantitative and qualitative methods are used 53.4% of them were created during 1946-49, and 36% during 1938-45 Regarding cultural value, only 62 files are recommended as significant antiquities, and 97% as general antiquities. These archives can be classified into 11 categories, and about half of the archives within Higher Education Category are colleges' and universities' affairs archives, which are useful for further study of modern educational history of R.O.C.