「一帶一路」與中國大陸產業轉移發展

＂One Belt, One Road＂ and the Relocation of China's industry

李孔智(Kung-chi Li)

《第十屆發展研究年會　台灣經驗2.0：在地與全球的發展研究與實踐》 2018 (2018/10) Pp. 1053-1071

https://doi.org/10.6392/ACDS.201810.0039

摘要

廿世紀以來，最典型的國際經濟現象之一就是國際產業轉移，隨著新興國家的勞動者與市場逐漸融入世界經濟體系，產業轉移的内涵與模式也不斷改變，其中近年最明顯的特例就是在中國大陸成為超級世界工廠及世界市場後，轉型為停留在中國大陸境內跨區域轉移的型態。但自2013年「一帶一路」提出後，中國大陸原有的產業轉移產生了變化，同時間進行著境內跨區域轉移與國際產業轉移兩種型態。本文採用文件分析法，即對官方出版品和報告文獻等資料做一整理與歸納的研究，先蒐羅中國大陸政府提出的產業轉移相關指導文件，再前後比較其用意與内涵，最後對中國大陸產業轉移的轉變趨勢做一分析。本文以為一帶一路下的中國大陸產業轉移至少有五項趨勢：自「境内跨區域單向」，轉變為「境内、國際同時進行」的轉移型態』：由「中國製造」，轉變為「中國創造」的產業發展模式；從「招商引資」轉變為「挑商選資」的鼓勵外資作法；將受限於加工貿易、勞力密集製造業的產業範圍，轉變為技術與資本密集的廣泛產業；把擴增產能或策略產銷的單純轉移，轉變為產業鏈及政府導引共建園區的複合轉移。

關鍵字

一帶一路 ； 產業轉移 ； 區域發展

並列摘要

Since the beginning of the 20th century, one of the most typical international economic phenomena has been the relocation of international industries. As laborers and markets in emerging countries have gradually integrated into the world economic system, the content and mode of industrial relocation have also changed. The most obvious special case in recent years is After China became a world factory and a world market, it relocated into a type of inter-regional transfer that stayed in mainland China. However, since the introduction of the ＂Onr Belt, One Road＂ in 2013, the original industrial relocation in mainland China has changed. At the same time, there are two types of domestic cross- regional relocation and international industrial relocation. This research adopts the document analysis method, which is to sort out and summarize the official publications and report documents. First, we will collect the guidance documents related to industrial relocation proposed by the Mainland China government, and then compare their intentions and contents before and finally to the industry. The transition trend of the relocation is analyzed This article believes that there are at least five trends in the transfer of China's industries under the OBOR Initiative: from ＂one-way cross-regional relocation＂ to ＂transitional pattern of＂ domestic and international simultaneous＂ ＂: from ＂Made in China＂ to ＂China＂ ＂Innovation＂ model of industrial development; from ＂inviting investment＂ to ＂investing in capital selection＂ to encourage foreign investment; transforming the industrial scope limited by processing trade and labor-intensive manufacturing into a broad industry with technology and capital intensive The transformation of the expansion of production capacity or strategy production and sales into a composite transfer of the industrial chain and the government-guided co-construction park.

並列關鍵字

One Belt ； One Road (OBOR) ； Industrial Relocation ； Reginal Development