國家與市場的制度發展與制約～南向與新南向政策的效果性分析～

Institutional Development and Constraint of Nation and Market- An Analysis of effect between Southbound &New Southbound policy

許源派(Yuan-Pai Hsu)

《第十屆發展研究年會　台灣經驗2.0：在地與全球的發展研究與實踐》 2018 (2018/10) Pp. 759-793

https://doi.org/10.6392/ACDS.201810.0029

摘要

政策的發展與市場運作機制始終是一體兩面，因為企業發展面臨著國家與市場的多元制度發展與制約，企業以獲利為目的，面臨制度制約仍然必須遵從市場法則，轉移投資風險，或分散企業經營風險，如因應投資大陸風險轉移到東南亞國家市場，創造市場獲利機會，但國家政策也未嘗不是如此。政府為因應市場風險分散機制，加上，民進黨上台後，兩岸政治風險增加，蔡英文政府擔心對大陸貿易依存度過高而推動新南向政策，有別於以往的南向政策，但其政策效益為何？值得進一步探討。國家與市場的制約發展，到底是國家為主導力量，抑或市場為主導力量？事實上，國家的角色在市場失靈的時機是一穩定市場不可或缺的力量，也因此，國家作為政治的運作化身、而市場作為經濟的運作的主體，彼此間具有不同的特點，無法全然分割。國家的力量，確實會影響市場力量，而市場本身則是影響政治效果的權力根源之一，由經濟依存關係所建立起來的權力關係，是世界經濟的一種基本特徵，而國家與市場在權力和財富的形成之效能，則逐漸取代世界上其他的政治和經濟組織的形式。本文主要從國家與市場的角度來分析，蔡英文政府的新南向政策的政策效果與以往的南向政策差別何在？是增加的投資效益或意願，還是，如外界批評的效果有限，本文是從與各國的貿易金額增減、台商對東南亞的投資變化及來台觀光人數的三構面來分析。

關鍵字

國家與市場 ； 制度發展 ； 制度制約 ； 南向政策 ； 新南向政策

並列摘要

The development of policy and the operation mechanism of the market have always been one thing with two sides, because the development of enterprises si faced with the development and constraint of the diversified institution of the state and the market. For pursuing profit, the enterprise must still comply with the market rules, transfer investment risks, or diversify operating risks of enterprises, such as the risk of investing in the mainland China, transfer to Southeast Asian countries, create market profit opportunities. The national policies did the same. In response to the diversification mechanism of market risk, and after the DPP took in power, the cross-strait political risks have increased. The Tsai Ing-wen government is worried that the dependence of trade on the mainland China is too high and promotes a new southbound policy, which is different from the previous south-direction policy. What are the policy benefits? It is worth further discussion. The constraint development of the State and the market in which State dominate or market is the dominant force? In fact, the state's role in the timing of market failure is an indispensable force for stabilizing the market. Therefore, the state as the political operation incarnation and the market as the main body of economic operation have different characteristics and cannot be completely divided. The power of the state does affect market power, and the market itself is one of the roots of power that affects political effects. The power relationship established by economic dependence is a basic feature of the world economy, while the state and the market are in power and form the effectiveness of power and wealth, gradually replaces the forms of other political and economic organizations in the world. This paper mainly analyzes from the perspective of the state and the market, what is the difference between the policy effect of the new Southbound policy of the Tsai Ing-wen government and the previous south-direction policy? Did it increase in investment efficiency or willingness? Or if the effect is limited as external critical? In this paper analyzes the three aspects of the increase and decrease of trade volume with various countries, the investment changes of Taiwanese enterprise in Southeast Asia and the number of tourists coming to Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Nation & Market ； Institutional development ； Institutional constraint ； South-direction policy ； New Southbound policy