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  • 學位論文

產品價格標示方式對消費者知覺價格與購買量之影響

The Price Labeling Effect on Perceived Price and Purchase Quantity

指導教授 : 張重昭

摘要


在現實生活中,隨處可見各式各樣的標價方式。但對於標示500公克300元與標示30公克6元,雖然單位售價都相同,但對消費者的購買量與知覺價格(覺得貴或便宜)是否會產生影響呢?在本研究中,將利用一個簡單的行為模式-定錨與調整效果(anchoring and adjustment effect),來解釋在標價方式上的不同對消費者知覺價格公平性與購買量的影響,主要研究目的如下: 1. 在單位價格相同的情況下,不同的價格標示方式是否會直接影響知覺價格與購買量 2. 消費者的產品熟悉度是否會影響上述之關係效果 3. 消費者對於標價單位的熟悉成度是否會影響上述之關係 當以A公克B元來標價,經過實驗的驗證後,可以得到以下的結論: 1. 當重量單位前的數值(A)越大,消費者願意購買量越大。 2. 當貨幣單位前的數值(B)越大,消費者知覺價格會認為越貴。 3. 產品熟悉度越高,對於知覺價格的定錨效果會越小。 由上述結論發現,定錨主效果完全產生作用,因此廠商可以僅僅在標價方式上的改變,來影響消費者的行為。當廠商在面對不同的競爭環境下,所追求的目標並不一樣,尤其現今環境變動快速,廠商面對的市場環境不斷改變,若能利用僅僅在標價方式上的不同,來達成所追求的目標,而達到快速反應市場的作用,對廠商而言將是一大利多。在此將廠商所面對的環境加以簡化,假設在成本與單位價格固定時,廠商若要追求利潤最大,目標就是追求銷售量最大。而銷售量以時間軸來區分,可分成兩大部份,一部份就是目前的銷售量,另一部份就是未來銷售量。當廠商處於激烈的競爭環境中,又或者為了搶市佔率,阻絕其他廠商進入時,這時所要追求的目標就是現今銷售量最大,這時所採取的標價方式就是使重量單位前的數值(A)越大,而使消費者願意購買量越大,進而達到現今獲利上升,市場佔有率上升的目標。若市場趨於穩定,廠商追求長期穩定的收益,而目標就變成讓消費者不斷重複購買產品,此時消費者對於知覺價格的評斷就十分重要,因此為了讓消費者知覺價格有便宜的感覺,這時採取的標示方式就是使貨幣單位前的數值(B)越小,消費者知覺價格會認為越便宜,而達到重複購買的目的。 簡單的來說,對於現今銷售量上升與知覺價格便宜這兩個因素是具有抵換(Trade-off)關係的,在固定價格標示單位的前提下,當使標價重量單位前的數值(A)上升同時會使標價貨幣單位前的數值(B)上升並沒有任何的標示方式可以同時衝高銷售量又使消費者認為便宜而增加下次購買意願的。因此廠商再決定標價方式時,必須先分析競爭環境,找出首要目標,再採取適合的標價方式。

並列摘要


The purchase quantity and perceived price are strongly related to the profit. This thesis focuses on the psychological process behind the perceived price and purchase quantity. The thesis propose that a simple anchoring and adjustment model describes how consumer make perceived price and purchase quantity, and suggest that use different price labeling to increase purchase quantity or decrease the perceived price. But the two purposes are trade-off. The firm should analysis the market they meet. And decide the suitable price labeling method to cope the different market environments. The three major issues in the thesis: 1. Does different price labeling influence the purchase quantity and perceived price? 2. Does consumer’s product familiarity moderate the effect? 3. Does the familiarity of labeling scale moderate the effect? When the price labeling is “A g B dollars”, the findings of this research are as follow: 1. The larger value of weight unit (A), the larger purchase quantity 2. The larger value of currency unit (B), the more expensive perceived price. 3. The product familiarity can decrease the anchoring and adjustment effect on perceived price.

參考文獻


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