- 學位論文
殺菌劑與養分對於紙機細菌生長及生物膜生成之影響
Effect of Disinfectants and Nutrient on the Growth and Biofilm Formation for Bacteria from a Papermachine System
摘要
微生物附著問題在造紙業中造成產品劣化與巨大的金錢損失。有鑑於此，我們測試四級銨鹽(QACs)、isothiazolone以及2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)等三種紙機常用殺菌劑對於由文化用紙紙機系統所分離的菌株的最低抑菌濃度(MIC)以及最低殺菌濃度(MBC)。本研究使用不同的附著表面—聚苯乙烯培養皿(PS)與不?袗?片(SS)，以及不同組成分的培養液—Mueller-Hinton培養液(MHB)、基礎培養液(BM)、與模擬白水(SWW)，來探討微生物附著的諸變因。 殺菌劑與額外的葡萄糖首先一起被加入培養液中，再與菌液混合，最後與附著表面接觸。生物膜形成過程中最初兩小時的現象被以結晶紫染色法觀測著。 葡萄糖在模擬白水中促進了生物膜的形成：較高濃度的葡萄糖(50-200 mg/L) 對應著較高的生長速率。基礎培養液較模擬白水更能支持生物膜快速生長。在生物膜生長控制方面，則需要較游離態細菌的MIC值高出2-25倍劑量的殺菌劑。在這三種殺菌劑中，四級銨鹽效果最佳，因其使用劑量較輕 (25-75 mg/L)、目標生物膜的比生長速率(specific growth rate)較慢。相較之下，isothiazolone的藥效最低、所需劑量甚高 (625-5000 mg/L)。Morganella morganii並未被觀測到生物膜的生成；在相同的條件下，其他兩株細菌以及紙機雜菌都能產生生物膜。Pseudomonas aeruginosa形成生物膜的速率最高，同時對殺菌劑的感受性最低。另外一株假單胞屬細菌—Pseudomonas putida則產生較少量的生物膜，且容易以DBNPA控制 (1-75 mg/L)。不?袗?片較聚苯乙烯培養皿不易被細菌附著。
並列摘要
Biofouling is responsible for product deterioration and huge financial losses in paper industry. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of three commonly used disinfectants in paper industry, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), isothiazolone, and 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) by testing their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the bacterial culture isolated in our previous work from a fine papermachine system. To elucidate the variables in biofouling in laboratory scale, two adherent surfaces--polystyrene Petri dish (PS) and stainless steel coupons (SS) and three different compositions of media--Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), basal medium (BM), and simulated white water (SWW) were used. Disinfectants along with extra glucose were first added to the medium and then mixed with the bacterial suspension before it was allowed to contact with the adherent surface. The initial events within the first two hours of biofilm formation were monitored by using crystal-violet staining method. Glucose promoted the formation of biofilm on surfaces in simulated white water; higher amounts of additional glucose (50-200 mg/L) responded to higher specific growth rates. Basal medium supported biofilm to grow faster than simulated white water. In biofilm control aspect, it needed high dosage of disinfectants that were 2-25 times higher than MIC value for the same bacterium in planktonic state. Among all the three disinfectants, QAC was the most effective by lighter dosage (25-75 mg/L) and lower specific growth rate of target biofilm. In contrast, isothiazolone was the least effective since dosage as high as 625-5000 mg/L was required. No detectable biofilm was formed by Morganella morganii while the other two strains as well as the mixed culture produced biofilm in the same condition. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced biofilm at the fastest rate and was least susceptible to disinfectants as well. The other Pseudomonas species--P. putida was otherwise producing less biofilm and could be easily controlled by DBNPA (1-75 mg/L). The stainless steel coupons were less attachable by bacteria than the polystyrene Petri dish.
並列關鍵字
biofilm ； papermachine ； QAC ； isothiazolone ； DBNPA ； nutrient ； disinfectant ； MIC ； MBC ； white water ； Pseudomonas putida ； stainless steel參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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