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  • 學位論文

同志在宗教信仰中的自我認同歷程:以基督教徒與佛教徒為例

Self-identity Formation of LGB in Relation to Religious Belief: Christians and Buddhists as Examples

指導教授 : 沈瓊桃

摘要


靈性是個人的基本需求,本研究探討同志在宗教信仰中的自我認同歷程,並以基督教徒與佛教徒為例。透過質性研究取向,並以深入訪談為資料蒐集方式,共訪談四位基督徒同志與四位佛教徒同志。研究結果呈現研究參與者的自我認同歷程是如何受到宗教信仰的影響,以及研究參與者參與在宗教團體之間(教會與道場)團體成員、伴侶、家人等重要他人對於研究參與者的同志身分,其態度受到宗教信仰影響程度。 在基督徒同志的部分,本研究發現信仰基督教的時間點,會影響到同志個人的自我認同歷程,所以將其分成「原生家庭就信仰基督教的基督徒同志」與「家中只有自己是信仰基督教的基督徒同志」等兩種歷程。在佛教徒同志的部分,其自我認同歷程受到宗教信仰影響的色彩較不深,但佛教徒同志因為身處的道場及派別對於修行方式的不同,會讓佛教徒同志產生不同的自我認同歷程,所以將其分成「傳統道場的佛教徒同志」與「人間佛教派別的佛教徒同志」等兩種歷程。 研究結果發現,幾乎所有的研究參與者都會在青少年時期就探索自己的性傾向,同時在該時期也會發現自己對於「同生理性別者」較有好感。但因為受到宗教信仰的影響,部分基督徒同志在青少年時期會出現反同志情緒;佛教徒同志因為宗教信仰介入個人自我認同歷程的色彩較不深,所以佛教徒同志沒有出現反同志情緒。只是,不論基督徒同志或佛教徒同志,都會為自己到底是不是一個同志而感到困惑,在此同時,也會透過周遭的同儕朋友來進行確認,經歷拓展自己的同志交友、親密伴侶關係的發展後,至終進入認同統整的階段時,都會探索並嘗試整合「宗教信仰對自我同志身分的看法」,但是因為教會、道場的態度、同一宗教團體的夥伴、家人或伴侶的接納程度不同,而有不同的認同統整歷程,例如:某位基督徒同志的研究參與者,對於宗教信仰抱持更虔誠的態度,因此決定改變自己的性傾向,更符合神心目中所期待的樣子;另有些研究參與者則是抱持著有基督教信仰,但拒絕參與教會的真空狀態。佛教徒同志的研究參與者,來自傳統道場的佛教徒同志相當重視佛典如何看待同志,而不重視皈依師父的想法。但是來自人間佛教派別的佛教徒同志,就相當重視皈依師父對於同志的態度,但對於佛典如何詮釋同志,對他們來說則不是那麼重要。 研究建議提醒助人工作者在協助個人評估出櫃利弊時,需要再加入宗教信仰面向的考量,以及須注意有宗教信仰的同志可能會遭遇帶有宗教色彩的家庭暴力,最後則是建議宗教團體與領導者應該要應該重新理解、包容及傾聽同志的生命故事。

關鍵字

基督教 佛教 同志 自我認同歷程

並列摘要


Spirituality is a basic factor in human existence. In this thesis, we studied the self-identity formation of homosexuals in relation to their religious belief, taking Christians and Buddhists as examples. Through qualitative research, in-depth interviews were carried out with four Christians and four Buddhists, including lesbians, gays, and bisexuals (LGB). The results show how religious belief affects the identity of LGB, and the impact from their significant others, like religious group members, companions, and family, as they participate in religious activities in sangha or church. For the Christian LGB, we found that the timing in contact with their religious belief was the main factor affecting their self-identity formation. Therefore, we classified these processes into two categories: an LGB born in a Christian family and the one who was the very first Christian in their family. As for the Buddhist LGB, the religious belief had less influence on their self-identity formation; their development of identity mainly depended on the ways they practiced the Buddhist doctrine as well as the different sangha in which they were involved. Thus another two categories were utilized to classify the Buddhist LGB: the LGB in traditional Buddhism sangha and the LGB in a humanistic Buddhism sangha. In this study, we found that almost all of the participants had discovered their sexual orientation in their teens, i.e. they were more attracted to the same sex. In this stage, some Christians start to develop homophobia due to their religious beliefs; conversely, the Buddhist LGBs did not have such attitudes generally. However, both groups may have become confused as to whether they were LGBs, and thus sought for assistance from their friends to resolve their doubts. After extending their relationship to people with similar sexual orientation, or even developed into an intimate relationship with some of them, they would go on to develop their identity, and try to combine their religious identity and LGB identity. This process would vary with church/sangha, family, companions and their attitudes to such issue. For instance, among our research participants, some devoted Christian LGBs decided to change their sexual orientation to satisfy the expectation of their God, while the others chose to hold onto their beliefs but refused to participate in church activities. On the other hands, the Buddhist LGBs in Buddhism sangha placed more emphasis on the opinions in Buddhist texts than that of the teachers they had converted under. For the LGBs belonging to a humanist Buddhism sangha, the opinion of their teacher was somewhat more important than those recorded in Buddhist texts. Based on the research findings, we suggest that the professional helpers should take personal religious beliefs into consideration when assisting an LGB who is “coming out”. Moreover, the helpers should also note if there is family violence associated with their religion. Finally, we recommend that the religious organizations and their leaders should lend an ear to the LGBs and try to better understand their lives.

並列關鍵字

Christianity Buddhism LGB Self-identity Formation

參考文獻


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