公立國中教師之職場暴力經驗、心理社會安全氛圍與其健康影響：多階層分析

Workplace violence, psychosocial safety climate and their associations with health among teachers of public junior high schools: A multi-level analysis

詹明瑾(Ming-Jin Chan)

指導教授 ： 鄭雅文

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/健康政策與管理研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700879

摘要

背景與目的：職場暴力議題近年來日益受到關注。教師亦可能遭遇來自學生、家長或學校內部的職場暴力，而職場暴力經驗很可能對教師身心健康及其教學品質造成嚴重影響。學校對於教師職場暴力問題的態度與回應方式，可能影響教師身心健康，然而對此議題，台灣仍少有實證研究。本研究旨在瞭解公立國中教師遭受職場暴力的現況、暴力類型及其來源，並從組織層級，探究學校的「心理社會安全氛圍」(psychosocial safety climate, PSC)對職場暴力的發生狀況，與其對教師心理健康、自評健康及疲勞感受的影響。
方法：本研究以現任公立國民中學教師為研究對象，採方便取樣進行問卷調查，總共發放1087份問卷至48間學校，回收有效樣本1059份；問卷內容主要包含個人背景資料、過去12個月之職場暴力狀況、職場工作特質、心理社會安全氛圍、身心健康狀況及疲勞感受，採多階層分析探討心理社會安全氛圍與教師職場暴力經驗、心理健康、自評健康及疲勞感受之相關。
結果：國中教師在過去一年中曾遭任一型式職場暴力之盛行率為34%，依據職場暴力的型式區分，可發現言語暴力盛行率最高（27.4%），其他依次為心理暴力（18.2%）、肢體暴力（3.7%）與性騷擾（6.0%）。言語暴力、肢體暴力及性騷擾的來源主要來自學生，而心理暴力來源則大多來自學校內部之同事或單位主管。在多階層分析方面，在控制職場暴力經驗、性別、工作年資、工作職稱及工作職場特質後，處於低心理社會安全氛圍的學校之教師，其「對服務對象疲勞程度」顯著較高，但心理社會安全氛圍與自評健康、心理健康及個人疲勞感受無顯著相關。
結論：相較其他行業之受僱者，本研究發現公立國中教師的職場暴力盛行率偏高，言語及肢體暴力主要來自學生，而心理暴力主要來自學校內部之單位主管或同事。本研究並發現，學校心理社會安全氛圍越差，其教師對學生的疲勞程度越高。本研究對教師職場暴力問題提供實證資料，並指出學校心理社會氛圍對教師身心健康之重要性。

關鍵字

心理社會安全氛圍 ； 多階層分析 ； 教師 ； 健康 ； 職場暴力

並列摘要

Background and objective: Workplace violence has been recognized as a major psychological work hazard in many work settings. Teachers may also encounter workplace violence, arising either from students, parents or colleagues. Such experiences may seriously affect teachers’ health status and their teaching quality. Attitudes and strategies of an organization in handling workplace violence could have substantial influences on workers’ psychosocial work conditions and health-related wellbeing. However, few empirical studies have explored this topic among teachers. This study explored the types, sources and frequency of workplace violence among teachers of public junior high schools, and examined the association of organization-level psychosocial safety climate(PSC) with teachers' mental health, self-rated health, and burnout status.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sampling scheme was conducted. Study participants were 1,059 teachers from 48 public junior high schools. A questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding demographic characteristics, experiences of workplace violence over the previous 12 months, work characteristics, psychosocial safety climate, mental health, self-rated health and burnout status. Multi-level analyses were performed to explore the relationship between psychosocial safety climate, workplace violence and health status in teachers.
Results: The prevalence rate of any type of workplace violence among teachers was 34%. Verbal violence was ranked as the most commonly experienced type of workplace violence, followed by psychological violence. Verbal violence, physical violence and sexual harassment experienced by teachers came mostly from students, while psychological violence came mainly from colleagues or supervisors in the school. Results from multi-level analyses indicted that lower school-level psychosocial safety climate were associated with higher risks of client-related burnout among teachers, even with adjustment of the individual-level experience of workplace experience and demographic and work-related factors.
Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that teachers of public junior high school in Taiwan experienced higher risks of workplace violence as compared to general employees, with verbal violence and physical violence coming mostly from students while psychological violence coming mostly from colleagues or supervisors. Our findings further indicated that lower PSC in school was associated with higher risks for client-related burnout. This study provided empirical information concerning workplace violence experienced by teachers and highlighted the importance of organization-level psychosocial safety climate.

並列關鍵字

psychosocial safety climate ； multi-level analysis ； teacher ； health ； workplace violence

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