論國際海洋環境法-以海洋保護區制度為核心

A Study on the International Marine Environmental Law: Focusing on the Regime of Marine Protected Areas

楊瀅陵(Ying-Ling Yang)

指導教授 ： 姜皇池

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.00138

摘要

海洋環境之衰退與破壞為當代必須處理與面對之重要課題。早期之環境政策與法律著重於特定議題，例如污染防治方面；而在國際合作層面，則主要強調為區域間之合作。近年來，國際社會逐漸意識到海洋環境之保護必須以整體概念為之，且必須藉由國際合作始得有效達成保護海洋之目的；此外，更進一步瞭解海洋環境保護措施之目的不僅在於避免海洋污染，亦須保護海洋生物棲息地、海洋生物多樣性及整體海洋環境。
在保護海洋環境之規範層面，國際社會藉由「軟法」與「硬法」逐漸發展出有關防治海洋污染之「普遍原則」，故本論文首先將探討軟法文件在國際海洋環境法發展上之意義與貢獻；其次，則針對與海洋環境保護有關之國際規範為闡釋，並側重於與「海洋保護區」概念形成有關之國際法基礎。
鑑於當代係以「海洋保護區」概念作為主要保護海洋之方式，是以本論文就海洋保護區制度之沿革及其設立之國際法基礎，為全面性檢視與分析；此外，本文更進一步探討「特別區域」與「特別敏感海域」概念，比較與評析二者之差異，並闡釋特別區域和特別敏感海域與海洋保護區之關係。
本論文除探討與海洋環境有關之國際法制度與規範外，亦就內國法有關海洋環境保護之現行制度與法規，為整體之檢視與分析，希冀以國際法作為我國之借鏡，以期有效落實海洋環境保護之目標。
最後，本論文係以國際海洋環境法之發展趨勢為主軸，觀察與歸納出國際法與我國內國法之闕漏，並對國際法與內國法之未來發展提出相關建議，以期對未來海洋環境保護法制之建構與發展以及未來相關領域之研究，略盡棉薄之力。

關鍵字

國際海洋環境法 ； 海洋環境之保護與保全 ； 海洋保護區 ； 特別區域 ； 特別敏感海域

並列摘要

The marine environmental degradation and destruction is a crucial challenge nowadays, which is needed to be faced and dealt with. In early stage, environmental policies and regulations emphasized on specialized issues, such as prevention from pollution, and in the aspect of international cooperation stressed on zonal cooperation. In recent years, international community has acknowledged that we should take marine environmental protection as a whole concept and reinforce international cooperation so as to achieve the purpose of marine environmental protection effectively. In addition, international community has further understood that the purposes of the approaches of marine environmental protection are not only preventing from marine pollution but also protecting habitats of marine living resources, marine biodiversity and the whole marine environment.
In the field of regulations of protecting marine environment, in virtue of soft law and hard law, international community has gradually developed general principles with regard to preventing ocean pollution. As a result, in the first place, this thesis would discuss the meaning and contribution of soft law instruments toward the development of international marine environmental law. Moreover, this thesis would expound international regulations relating to marine environmental protection, and in this aspect, the writer would especially focus on the concept of Marine Protected Areas and its basis of international law.
In the light of the concept of Marine Protected Areas is contemporarily principal method for ocean protection, so this thesis would thoroughly demonstrate the process of developing the regime of Marine Protected Areas and its bases of international law. Furthermore, this thesis would examine and illuminate the concepts of Special Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas, and compare with them. Besides, I would interpret the relation amongst Marine Protected Areas, Special Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas.
Excluding international regime and regulations relating to protecting marine environment, this thesis would discuss and analyze domestic law and regime with regard to marine environmental protection and preservation in Taiwan. The main aim of this section is to take the international law as the quotation and improvement of Taiwanese domestic law.
In the end of this thesis, by progress of international marine environmental law, the writer has observes and concluded the disadvantages of international law and domestic law relating to protecting and preserving marine environment, and provided the suggestions for developments of international and domestic law in the future. Through the entire discussion, the writer hope that this thesis can advance the establishment and improvement of marine environmental law and policies, and have more or less contribution to research in this subject.

並列關鍵字

International Marine Environmental Law ； Marine Environmental Protection and Preservation ； Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) ； Special Areas ； Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs)

參考文獻

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