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  • 學位論文

台日間「拒絕表現」相關之調查研究-以拒絕邀請的情況為中心-

Research on ways of refusals between Taiwanese and Japanese-Using refusals to invitation as examples-

指導教授 : 黃鴻信

摘要


近年來有許多比較兩國間拒絕表達方式之相關研究,比較臺、日間拒絕表達方式的研究亦與日俱增。然而就筆者所知,針對「受邀請」時的拒絕表達方式進行的研究目前尚無。但是以不適當的拒絕表達方式來拒絕邀請,亦可能破壞人際關係原有的平衡狀態,因此「受邀請」時的拒絕表達方式仍有進行研究的需要。 本論文的目的在於探究臺灣人和日本人在面對「邀請」時所使用的拒絕表達方式有何種傾向,以及其中所包含的「顧慮」。所採用的調查方式為「完成對話問卷」(Discourse Completion Test:DCT),調查對象則為日本社會人士、臺灣社會人士、日本大學生、臺灣大學生,觀察這四組對象在面對不同性別、地位高低不同的對象時,拒絕表達方式的「語意公式」(Semantic Formula)的使用數量、所選擇的「語意公式」、在拒絕表達方式中「語意公式」的組合會產生何種變化。 觀察的結果如下所示: 1.有關「語意公式」的使用數量,不分社會人士及大學生,日本方面多半以3個「語意公式」來拒絕,臺灣則是以2個「語意公式」來拒絕為多。 2.有關「語意公式」的選擇,臺灣和日本皆以選擇【道歉】、【理由】、【下回的約定】的人數為最多,其中日本人在面對不同對象時的拒絕皆會使用到【道歉】之「語意公式」,臺灣人則多半以【理由】來加以拒絕。 3.有關「語意公式」的組合,日本人的拒絕表達方式以「【道歉】+【理由】+【下回的約定】」、臺灣人則以「【道歉】+【理由】」為最多。然而日本人方面,尤其是社會人士的拒絕表達方式中可發現在類似定型化表現之「語意公式」的組合,臺灣人的拒絕表達方式之「語意公式」的組合的種類繁多,沒有定型化表現的存在。 4.就整體而言,日本人在拒絕「邀請」時會有較多的「顧慮」,且所選擇「語意公式」的傾向較為明顯;臺灣人在面對「邀請」時喜以明確的理由加以拒絕,且和日本人相較之下,較具有個別差異性。

並列摘要


In recent years, there are many researches on comparison between expressions of refusals among two different countries, thus such comparisons between Taiwanese and Japanese are increasing. As far as I know, there is still no research on refusals to invitation. But inappropriate ways of refusal to invitation might cause harm to interpersonal relationships. Therefore a need to research on ways of refusals to invitation exists. The purpose of this paper focuses on discovery of the tendencies that Taiwanese and Japanese have when they use refusal to invitations, including the ‘consideration’ hidden within. The research uses Discourse Completion Test: DCT to investigate four target populations: Working adults in Japanese, working adults in Taiwan, college students in Japan, college students in Taiwan. This investigation observes such four sets of targets’ selection and amounts of Semantic Formula in their refusals, and the changes caused by the combination of Semantic Formula in the refusals. Results of observations: 1.As for the amount of Semantic Formula, generally Japanese tends to have three Semantic Formulas in their refusals while Taiwanese have two. This calculation contains both working adults and students. 2.Selection of Semantic Formula: Most people, including Taiwanese and Japanese chose to use “apology”, ‘excuse’, ‘a next time date’ in their refusals. “Apology” is the Semantic Formula that Japanese use in refusals to any different inviters. And Taiwanese mostly use “excuse” to refusals. 3.Combination of semantic Formula: Refusal of Japanese is a combined set of “apology + excuse + a next-time date” while refusal of Taiwanese appear more in a set of “apology+ excuse”. However, for Japanese, a fixed-term combination of Semantic Formula in refusal could be found, especially in working adults’ expression. Meanwhile such combinations of semantic Formula in refusal for Taiwanese are so multitudinous to find a fixed-term expression. 4.In general, Japanese tend to have more “consideration” in minds when they refuse “invitations”, so their tendencies toward choosing “Semantic Formula” are more obvious. Taiwanese prefer to refuse “invitations” with explicit reasons, and compared to Japanese, they have more individual differences.

參考文獻


彭 飛(2004)。『日本語の「配慮表現」に関する研究―中国語との比較研究にお
ーラム』29 ,pp.15-27
黒澤 勉(2000)。「感謝と謝罪―言葉・心・コミュニケーション」『日本語学
期,pp.47-68
および台湾人留学生を対象として―」『日本語教育』93 号,pp.38-48

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