應用BIM於建築外殼節能暨成本效益之整合

BIM-based integration of energy saving and cost effectiveness for building envelopes

陳龍(Long Chan)

指導教授 ： 陳柏翰

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.10068

摘要

近年來建築界興起了「綠建築」，指在建築生命週期中（包括建材生產到建築物規劃、設計、施工、管理及拆除等系列過程），「最少的消耗地球資源，最少的使用能源及最少的製造廢棄物」的建築物，意指生態、節能、減少廢棄物、健康的建築物。為了達到「最少地消耗地球資源，最少地使用能源及最少地製造廢棄物」的目標，則可能需要與一般建築不同的建造成本。因此，投資於改善建築的措施必須考慮其成本效益。這就要求使用生命週期成本（LCC），這是一種定量方法評估經濟或財政上的可行性投資，告知決策者最有價值的選擇。
綠建築的初期建造成本較一般建築高，但從建築物的生命週期來看，營運期間的能耗成本佔整個生命周期最大支出比率，綠建築在生命週期當中應該能以收益抵消初期增加的成本。可是，在綠建築相較於一般建築的建造費用高的情況下，而業主預算有限的情況下，需要選擇哪個方案才能達到最大的節能效果呢？又或者，業主要求達到某程度的節能效益情況下，需要選擇哪個方案才是最合乎成本效益呢?
本文提出以BIM軟體建立建築外殼模型計算其初期建造成本，並以該模型導入能耗分析軟體計算出每年的能耗成本，對此兩種軟體進行討論研究，計算各種建築外殼構件組合當中之最適解，從而提供業主各種策略的最佳方案。一般的建築專案當中，建築構件有各種不同的類型可供選擇，因而產生有不同的方案，與及產生不同的建造成本，決策者會選用最低的成本。可是，在綠建築的專案當中，決策者會考慮到生命週期成本，要求「低能耗成本、低初期建設成本」的方案，但此兩個目標會互相排斥、影響，因此需要有一個有效的方法幫助決策者選擇最佳的方案。本文討論BIM模型軟體與能耗分析軟體，尋找出影響目標的參數，以幫助決策者選擇最經濟或者最節能之綠建築專案「目標解」。

關鍵字

BIM ； 生命週期成本 ； 能源成本 ； 初期建造成本 ； 自動化

並列摘要

Recently, a novel construction idea is increasingly popular in the architecture field---green building, which refers to a building which is built without great consumption of natural and energy resources during its life cycle, and such an idea is regarded to be adopted from the early stage such as choosing materials and design to the stage of construction, management and even demolition. In other words, the main difference between a traditional building and a green building is that a future building is expected to better save the environment, reduce energy consumption, cut waste and soon.
To fulfill it, however, we need to pay for it, namely a higher cost. Thus, it is considered that cost and benefit must be taken into account when we are going to make an investment in new measures which improve the state of constructions. In this way, life-cycle costs analysis (LCCA) can provide the investors or operators with the best suggestions over the cost benefit. It is all well known that the consumption of energy is the second most expensive cost after a building is finished, and comes into operation, and now we can use the financial profit from LCC to conserve energy like other green buildings in the market which are eco-friendly. And as it was mentioned just now, the cost of the green building is higher than the traditional building, but due to the energy consumption during their life cycle is responsible for the second most expenditure, the extra cost should be able to be covered by future energy savings. Also, what if the building owner has a limited budget or a requirement for the capability of the energy saving system? Under these situations, which project should the owner choose to meet the cost benefit requirement or to conserve the most energy efficiently? To answer these questions, this research proposes to use BIM to make a construction model first and estimate the approximate cost of the building. Secondly, we use software to analyze the yearly energy cost through the model. Thus, with these two things, we can obtain information about what are the best components and materials for different building and provide owners with good advice.

並列關鍵字

BIM (Building Information Modeling) ； Life-cycle Costs ； Energy Consumption Costs ； Initial Construction Costs ； Automation

參考文獻

English References

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