膠體 (colloid) 是一種分散相粒徑很小的分散體系,粒子間的作用主要由凡得瓦力與氫鍵等非共價作用力所聯繫。溶膠 (sol) 是具有液體特徵的膠體體系,其分散粒子粒徑大小約1∼1000 nm 之間。凝膠 (gel) 則是非流動性的網狀膠體,或由流體貫穿使其體積膨脹之網狀聚合物。藉由氫鍵、金屬錯合、苯環堆疊等非共價作用力將分子堆疊形成局部有序的網絡而形成的凝膠,一般具熱可逆性。凝膠的溶解度以及其顆粒大小為影響其彈性和堅固程度的重要原因。凝膠可分為水凝膠以及有機凝膠。水凝膠可在水溶液中轉換成凝膠態,而有機凝膠則可在有機溶劑中,形成包含溶劑之三維網狀結構。一般而言,凝膠可藉由超音波、冷熱、酸鹼及光的控制,轉換於凝膠與溶膠兩態。 我們設計了一個車輪烷型的有機凝膠分子,希望其可在受光照射後產生凝膠 態。
Colloid is a short synonym for colloidal system. Colloidal refers to a state of subdivision, implying that the molecules or polymolecular particles dispersed in a medium have at least in one direction a dimension roughly between 1 nm and 1 μm , or that in a system discontinuities are found at distances of that order. Sol is a fluid colloidal system of two or more components, e.g. a protein sol, a gold sol, an emulsion, a surfactant solution above the critical micelle concentration. Gel is non-fluid colloidal network or polymer network that is expanded throughout its whole volume by a fluid. We design a [2]rotaxane, which can behave as an organogelator after triggering by light.